A common longitudinal intensive care unit data format (CLIF) for critical illness research.

Rationale: Critical illness threatens millions of lives annually. Electronic health record (EHR) data are a source of granular information that could generate crucial insights into the nature and optimal treatment of critical illness.

Objectives: Overcome the data management, security, and standardization barriers to large-scale critical illness EHR studies.

The triglyceride glucose-waist circumference is the best indicator for screening non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in middle-aged and elderly people.

Background: this investigation aimed to assess the correlation between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and its related indicators, as well as the ratio of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-c), with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis among middle-aged and elderly participants.

Methods: based on data from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the study included adults of ages 40 years and older in the United States. To explore the correlation between TyG and its related indicators, as well as TG/HDL-c with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis, multiple regression models were employed.

Green synthesized MgO combined with dielectric barrier discharge plasma enhanced phosphorus (P) recovery from livestock wastewater: A dual approach for management of wastewater and P resources.

Phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewater using integrated techniques i.e., adsorption combined with advanced oxidation technologies is a novel approach for cleaning wastewater and preventing eutrophication.

Mixed-effects polygenic risk score Phenome-wide association study detects genetic correlation between colorectal cancer risk and phenotype data extracted from the electronic health record.

Many factors, including environmental and genetic variables, contribute to Colorectal Cancer (CRC) risk. Some of these risk factors may share underlying genetics with CRC. We investigated potential shared genetics by performing a Phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) with a multi-ancestry CRC polygenic risk score (PRS).

The efficacy of exercise prescription in patients with osteoporotic fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Patients with osteoporotic fractures will further lose bone mineral density and the incidence of refractures will be greatly increased, which is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the elderly. Exercise prescription is effective in enhancing bone strength in patients with osteoporosis, but its effects on patients with osteoporotic fractures have not been systematically reviewed. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively analyze the effect of exercise prescription on bone mineral density in patients with osteoporotic fractures, so as to provide a basis for clinicians to provide postoperative guidance for fracture patients.

Iterative selection of lipid nanoparticle vaccine adjuvants for rapid elicitation of tumoricidal CD8⁺ T cells.

A challenge for cancer vaccines is to elicit immune responses of sufficient magnitude to control malignant tumor growth and spread. In this study, we iteratively screened a panel of 22 lipid-phase vaccine adjuvants in mice for the elicitation of neoantigen-specific CD8⁺ T cell responses, using an integrated peptide-lipid nanoparticle approach. CL401, a dual Toll-like receptor 2/7 (TLR2/7) adjuvant rapidly induced neoantigen-specific T cell responses and improved lymphatic drainage and uptake of the particle.

Mechanism and application of sulfhydryl-modified chitosan derivative for decontamination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in water bodies.

The accumulation of lead and cadmium in water bodies is a serious threat to environmental safety and human health, and they must be removed from wastewater. Based on this this study, a novel sulfhydryl-modified chitosan derivative (SHCS) was prepared by grafting method using chitosan as a substrate for the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from polluted water bodies. The results showed that the SHCS derivative was a mesoporous biosorbent with a specific surface area of 0.

EGDB: A comprehensive multi-omics database for energy grasses and the epigenomic atlas of pearl millet.

Given the key role of energy grasses in biomass energy, electricity, biofuels, and carbon sequestration, the Energy Grass Omics Database (EGDB) integrates germplasm data with genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and phenomics data to support functional genomic research on diverse energy grass species. EGDB also currently supplies the largest epigenetic data set of energy grasses: a high-resolution chromatin modification, chromatin accessibility, and gene expression landscape of pearl millet to provide insights into regulatory traits essential for sustainable energy production.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy response and genetic susceptibility in recently parous women with breast cancer.

Introduction: Women with recent parity are at increased short-term breast cancer (BC) risk and face a worse prognosis. The effect of parity on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is unstudied, and the influence of inherited susceptibility on parity-related short-term risk remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-cohort study among women aged ≤50 with non-metastatic BC diagnosed between 2010 and 2020 who underwent genetic testing and were treated at Northwestern Medicine.

PH-LLM: Public Health Large Language Models for Infoveillance.

Background: The effectiveness of public health intervention, such as vaccination and social distancing, relies on public support and adherence. Social media has emerged as a critical platform for understanding and fostering public engagement with health interventions. However, the lack of real-time surveillance on public health issues leveraging social media data, particularly during public health emergencies, leads to delayed responses and suboptimal policy adjustments.

Multi-ancestry meta-analysis of keloids uncovers novel susceptibility loci in diverse populations.

Keloids are raised scars that grow beyond original wound boundaries, resulting in pain and disfigurement. Reasons for keloid development are not well-understood, and current treatment options are limited. Keloids are more likely to occur in darker-skinned individuals of African and Asian descent than in Europeans.

Surgical treatment of delayed partial bronchial rupture under venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support: a case report.

Background: Chest trauma may precipitate a spectrum of injuries, among which tracheal laceration represents an uncommon but critical sequela. The occurrence of tracheal laceration could significantly impair respiratory and cardiovascular homeostasis, thereby posing a life-threatening risk to the patient. Expeditious surgical intervention is paramount for therapeutic management, and in certain instances, the administration of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) may be necessitated to support the patient's respiratory function.

Leveraging large language models for academic conference organization.

We piloted using Large Language Models (LLMs) for organizing AMIA 2024 Informatics Summit. LLMs were prompt engineered to develop algorithms for reviewer assignments, group presentations into sessions, suggest session titles, and provide one-sentence summaries for presentations. These tools substantially reduced planning time while enhancing the coherence and efficiency of conference organization.

Kidney multiome-based genetic scorecard reveals convergent coding and regulatory variants.

Kidney dysfunction is a major cause of mortality, but its genetic architecture remains elusive. In this study, we conducted a multiancestry genome-wide association study in 2.2 million individuals and identified 1026 (97 previously unknown) independent loci.

Environment scan of generative AI infrastructure for clinical and translational science.

This study reports a comprehensive environmental scan of the generative AI (GenAI) infrastructure in the national network for clinical and translational science across 36 institutions supported by the CTSA Program led by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the United States. Key findings indicate a diverse range of institutional strategies, with most organizations in the experimental phase of GenAI deployment. The results underscore the need for a more coordinated approach to GenAI governance, emphasizing collaboration among senior leaders, clinicians, information technology staff, and researchers.

Micropillar-induced changes in cell nucleus morphology enhance bone regeneration by modulating the secretome.

Nuclear morphology, which modulates chromatin architecture, plays a critical role in regulating gene expression and cell functions. While most research has focused on the direct effects of nuclear morphology on cell fate, its impact on the cell secretome and surrounding cells remains largely unexplored, yet is especially crucial for cell-based therapies. In this study, we fabricated implants with a micropillar topography using methacrylated poly(octamethylene citrate)/hydroxyapatite (mPOC/HA) composites to investigate how micropillar-induced nuclear deformation influences cell paracrine signaling for osteogenesis and cranial bone regeneration.

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and source apportionment of biogenic elements using APCS-MLR model in the main inlet tributary of Danjiangkou Reservoir.

Danjiangkou Reservoir has been widely concerned as the water source of the world's longest cross basin water transfer project. Biogenic elements are the foundation of material circulation and key factors affecting water quality. However, there is no comprehensive study on the biogenic elements in tributaries of Danjiangkou Reservoir, hindering a detailed understanding of geochemical cycling characteristics of biogenic elements in this region.

Effect of K-line (-) or (+) on surgical outcomes in cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: A systematic and meta-analysis.

Background: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the influence of K-line status on postoperative clinical outcomes in patients with cervical posterior longitudinal ligament ossification (OPLL).

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, OVID, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for English-language literature related to K-line and OPLL up to June 7, 2024. The study underwent rigorous selection, quality assessment, and data extraction, followed by meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.

The influencing factors of cognitive impairment in elderly individuals in Chengdu city: a cross-sectional study based on AD8.

Background: With the aging of society, cognitive impairment in elderly people is becoming increasingly common and has caused major public health problems. The screening of cognitive impairment in elderly people and its related influencing factors can aid in the development of relevant intervention and improvement strategies.

Methods: In this study, stratified random cluster sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of elderly individuals aged 65 years in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, through an electronic questionnaire from November 2022 to November 2023.

Multivariate description of gait changes in a mouse model of peripheral nerve injury and trauma.

Objective: Animal models of nerve injury are important for studying nerve injury and repair, particularly for interventions that cannot be studied in humans. However, the vast majority of gait analysis in animals has been limited to univariate analysis even though gait data is highly multi-dimensional. As a result, little is known about how various spatiotemporal components of the gait relate to each other in the context of peripheral nerve injury and trauma.

A Time-Frequency-Based Data-Driven Approach for Structural Damage Identification and Its Application to a Cable-Stayed Bridge Specimen.

Structural damage identification based on structural health monitoring (SHM) data and machine learning (ML) is currently a rapidly developing research area in structural engineering. Traditional machine learning techniques rely heavily on feature extraction, where weak feature extraction can lead to suboptimal features and poor classification performance. In contrast, ML-based methods, particularly deep learning approaches like convolutional neural networks (CNNs), automatically extract relevant features from raw data, improving the accuracy and adaptability of the damage identification process.

Multi-ancestry GWAS of severe pregnancy nausea and vomiting identifies risk loci associated with appetite, insulin signaling, and brain plasticity.

While most pregnancies are affected by nausea and vomiting, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is at the severe end of the clinical spectrum and is associated with dehydration, undernutrition, and adverse maternal, fetal, and child outcomes. Herein we performed a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) of severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy of 10,974 cases and 461,461 controls across European, Asian, African, and Latino ancestries. We identified ten significantly associated loci, of which six were novel (, , , , , and , and confirmed previous genome-wide significant associations with risk genes , , , and .

Combined transrectal ultrasound and radiomics model for evaluating the therapeutic effects of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore a combined transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and radiomics model for predicting tumor regression grade (TRG) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Methods: Among 190 patients with LARC, 53 belonged to GRG and 137 to PRG. Eight TRUS parameters were identified as statistically significant (P < 0.

Qingre Huoxue Decoction Alleviates Atherosclerosis by Regulating Macrophage Polarization Through Exosomal miR-26a-5p.

Background: Qingre Huoxue Decoction (QRHX) is a classical Chinese herbal prescription widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS). Our previous study demonstrated its efficacy in stabilizing plaque and improving prognosis, as well as its ability to regulate macrophage polarization. This study aimed to further investigate the effects of QRHX on AS and explore the underlying mechanisms.