Diethyl butylmalonate attenuates cognitive deficits and depression in 5×FAD mice.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by cognitive impairment and depression, is currently one of the intractable problems due to the insufficiency of intervention strategies. Diethyl butylmalonate (DBM) has recently attracted extensive interest due to its anti-inflammatory role in macrophages. However, it is still unknown whether DBM has a beneficial effect on cognitive deficits and depression.

Comparison of the Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Lidocaine on Stress Response and Postoperative Delirium of Older Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: We investigated the effects of intraoperative intravenous lidocaine or dexmedetomidine infusion on inflammatory factors and cognitive function in patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery.

Patients And Methods: Patients aged >65 years undergoing elective thoracoscopic lobectomy or segmentectomy were randomly grouped as dexmedetomidine group (group D), lidocaine group (group L), and control group (group C). The plasma cortisol, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations were measured before anesthesia (T0) and immediately (T1), 24 h (T2), and 48 h postoperatively (T3).

Mechanisms and rules of social learning in crickets.

A new study on insect social learning shows that crickets learn to prefer a rewarded odorant by observing the choice of a conspecific and without experiencing the reward themselves. The mere perception of the conspecific activates octopaminergic reward neurons in the brain of the observer, thus facilitating odorant learning.

Delivering on NIH data sharing requirements: avoiding Open Data in Appearance Only.

In January, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) implemented a Data Management and Sharing Policy aiming to leverage data collected during NIH-funded research. The COVID-19 pandemic illustrated that this practice is equally vital for augmenting patient research. In addition, data sharing acts as a necessary safeguard against the introduction of analytical biases.

Neuroethology: Perceived danger inhibits the wanting system of bees.

A dopaminergic wanting system drives foraging in honey bees. A new study shows that encounters with the Asian hornet, a fierce bee predator, decrease brain dopamine levels and thus foraging. Stop signals, used to terminate the waggle dances of receivers, have the same effect, showing the power of bee communication.

Association between axial length and HDL in children: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Background: To analyze the relationship between axial length and levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in children.

Methods: A retrospective, hospital-based cross-sectional research with 69 right eyes from 69 children who underwent health examination by Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital was carried out. The participants were split into three groups: Group A (axial length < = 23 mm), Group B (axial length 23-24 mm), and Group C (axial length > 24 mm).

Site-Selective Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Diamines toward Aminoazo Compounds.

A selective oxidative coupling reaction of a diamine containing both - and -NH was achieved using acidic potassium permanganate as the coupling reagent. The reaction conditions were optimized, and the reaction selectivity was illustrated by quantum calculations. Furthermore, the azo-coupled product was derivatized to four nitroamine energetic materials with excellent detonation performances.

Comparison of Aurolab Aqueous Drainage Implant with Ahmed Glaucoma Valve for Refractory Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) is a common surgical method for the treatment of refractory glaucoma.Aurolab aqueous drainage implant (AADI) is a novel surgical method which has been applied in clinical practice in recent years.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the AADI and the AGV for the treatment of refractory glaucoma.

Do Vibrant Places Promote Active Living? Analyzing Local Vibrancy, Running Activity, and Real Estate Prices in Beijing.

Although extensive research has investigated urban vibrancy as a critical indicator for spatial planning, urban design, and economic development, the unclear relationship between local vibrancy and active living needs to be clarified and requires more in-depth analysis. This study localizes urban vibrancy at both hyper-local and neighborhood scales by integrating high-resolution, large-scale, and heterogeneous urban datasets and analyzing interactions among variables representing vibrancy's environmental, economic, and social aspects. We utilize publicly available urban open data, Points of Interest requested from API, and leisure running trajectories acquired through data mining to investigate the spatial distribution of various vibrancy indicators and how they interact with physical activity at the local scale.

Revealing the Effects of Corporate Governance on Green Investment and Innovation: Do Law and Policy Matter?

Green investment (GI) and innovation performance are key factors of sustainable green development. GI and innovation have become a trendy solution to minimize environmental issues in the previous few decades. We investigate the effects of corporate governance, environmental law, and environmental policy stringency on GI and environmental innovation (EI) using Chinese time-series data from 1998 to 2020.

Drivers of foliar N trends in southern China over the last century.

Foliar stable nitrogen (N) isotopes (δ N) generally reflect N availability to plants and have been used to infer about changes thereof. However, previous studies of temporal trends in foliar δ N have ignored the influence of confounding factors, leading to uncertainties on its indication to N availability. In this study, we measured foliar δ N of 1811 herbarium specimens from 12 plant species collected in southern China forests from 1920 to 2010.

Effectiveness of Acupuncture Therapy on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Gynecologic Surgery: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapy (AT) on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after gynecologic surgery (GS).

Design: A meta-analysis using a systematic search strategy was performed.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search of all published randomized controlled trials or prospective cohort studies assessing the effectiveness of AT on PONV in patients undergoing GS was conducted in three databases: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library.

Unsupervised learning for county-level typological classification for COVID-19 research.

The analysis of county-level COVID-19 pandemic data faces computational and analytic challenges, particularly when considering the heterogeneity of data sources with variation in geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors between counties. This study presents a method to join relevant data from different sources to investigate underlying typological effects and disparities across typologies. Both consistencies within and variations between urban and non-urban counties are demonstrated.

Degradation of an appetitive olfactory memory via devaluation of sugar reward is mediated by 5-HT signaling in the honey bee.

Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning induces the devaluation of a preferred food through its pairing with a stimulus inducing internal illness. In invertebrates, it is still unclear how this aversive learning impairs the memories of stimuli that had been associated with the appetitive food prior to its devaluation. Here we studied this phenomenon in the honey bee and characterized its neural underpinnings.

Urban Intelligence for Pandemic Response: Viewpoint.

Previous epidemic management research proves the importance of city-level information, but also highlights limited expertise in urban data applications during a pandemic outbreak. In this paper, we provide an overview of city-level information, in combination with analytical and operational capacity, that define urban intelligence for supporting response to disease outbreaks. We present five components (movement, facilities, people, information, and engagement) that have been previously investigated but remain siloed to successfully orchestrate an integrated pandemic response.

Predictors of the initiation of shift work disorder among Chinese intern nurses: a prospective study.

Aim: Individual vulnerability to shift work disorder (SWD) varies. The aim of the present study was to verify the individual characteristics that predicted SWD onset by following Chinese intern nurses who at baseline had not worked rotating or night shifts.

Methods: A total of 706 Chinese first-year intern female nurses aged 16-24 years were recruited.

Trajectories of maternal symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder predict long-term mental health of children following the Wenchuan earthquake in China: A 10-year follow-up study.

Background: Maternal psychopathology can be an important factor associated with psychological adjustment of children. However, there is limited research on long-term impacts of maternal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on children's mental health. This study examined how PTSD trajectories of women exposed to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China predicted their children's mental health symptoms 10 years after the earthquake.

Emotional exhaustion and sleep-related worry as serial mediators between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms in student nurses: A longitudinal analysis.

Objective: The multi-wave longitudinal study was to explore the underlying mechanisms between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms for up to 9.5 months among student nurses and to examine whether emotional exhaustion and sleep-related worry could be the mediators.

Methods: 856 student nurses aged 15-24 years (mean age = 17.

Atypical longitudinal development of speech-evoked auditory brainstem response in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders.

Language impairment is common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Previous research has shown that this disability may be, in part, due to atypical auditory processing of speech stimuli. However, how speech sounds are processed in children with ASD remains largely unknown.

The impact of urban street tree species on air quality and respiratory illness: A spatial analysis of large-scale, high-resolution urban data.

Urban trees play a key role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, cleaning air, promoting physical activity, and improving mental health. However, it is still largely unknown how the density and species of urban street trees may impact local public health. This study demonstrates how open data mining and large-scale spatial data integration can contribute to deeper insights into the effects of urban forestry.