DNase I targeted degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps to reduce the damage on IgAV rat.

Background: In the past two years, studies have found a significant increase in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in patients with IgA vasculitis (IgAV), which is correlated with the severity of the disease. NETs have been reported as an intervention target in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of targeted degradation of NETs using DNase I in IgAV rat model.

Neutrophil extracellular traps involved in the pathogenesis of IgA vasculitis: Confirmed in two IgAV rat models.

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been found to play a role in the development of autoimmune diseases. In the past two years, studies have demonstrated a significantly increase of NETs in skin tissues during the early stages of IgAV, indicating their involvement in disease activity among children with IgAV. However, the presence of NETs in IgAV animal models has not yet been reported.

Hypobaric Hypoxia Aggravates Renal Injury by Inducing the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps through the NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Objective: The hypersensitivity of the kidney makes it susceptible to hypoxia injury. The involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in renal injury resulting from hypobaric hypoxia (HH) has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of NETs in renal injury induced by HH and the possible underlying mechanism.

Rosiglitazone attenuates hypoxia-induced renal cell apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway in a PPARγ-dependent manner.

Background: In recent years, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has been found to be closely associated with hypoxia renal disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between rosiglitazone and mitochondrial apoptosis in renal tissue and its associated mechanisms.

Methods: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups ( = 8 in each): normal control group, hypoxia injury group (equal volume of 0.

An Emerging Role for Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in IgA Vasculitis: A Mini-Review.

Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is the most common systemic small vessel vasculitis in childhood. Its clinical manifestations are non-thrombocytopenic purpura, accompanied by gastrointestinal tract, joint, kidney and other organ system involvement. The pathogenesis of IgAV has not been fully elucidated.

The Involvement of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Disease Activity Associated With IgA Vasculitis.

Objectives: This aim of this study was to determine whether neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in the pathogenesis of IgA vasculitis (IgAV) and investigate whether the circulating NETs levels are associated with disease activity in children.

Methods: We performed a case-control study and collected blood samples from 193 children with different stages of IgAV (61 were at the onset stage, 64 at the remission stage, 43 at the active stage, and 25 were undergoing drug withdrawal). A total of 192 healthy children were recruited as controls.

ATRA attenuate proteinuria via downregulation of TRPC6 in glomerulosclerosis rats induced by adriamycin.

Objective: In this research, we explored the molecular mechanism of proteinuria in glomerulosclerosis rats and the protective effects of ATRA.

Methods: This research set up three groups: SHO group, GS group, and ATRA group (15 mg/(kg d), Sigma, St. Louis, MO).

[Research advances in the protective effect of all-trans retinoic acid against podocyte injury].

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a vitamin A derivative and plays an important role in the regulation of cell aggregation, differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, and inflammatory response. In recent years, some progress has been made in the role of ATRA in renal diseases, especially its protective effect on podocytes. This article reviews the research advances in podocyte injury, characteristics of ATRA, podocyte differentiation and regeneration induced by ATRA, and the protective effect of ATRA against proliferation, deposition of fibers, and apoptosis.

Neutral endopeptidase and natriuretic peptide receptors participate in the regulation of C-type natriuretic peptide expression in renal interstitial fibrosis.

The initiation and progression of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a complicated process in which many factors may play an activate role. Among these factors, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an endothelium-derived hormone and acts in a local, paracrine fashion to regulate vascular smooth muscle tone and proliferation. In this study, we established a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).

Therapeutic effect of CNP on renal osteodystrophy by antagonizing the FGF-23/MAPK pathway.

Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Because most patients with ROD are asymptomatic in the early stage and bone biopsy remains not a routine procedure in many clinical settings; therefore, several biochemical parameters may help to identify the existence of ROD. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is considered as a positive regulator of bone formation.

Exogenous C-type natriuretic peptide infusion ameliorates unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis in rats.

Although many experimental therapeutic roles for C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) have been documented in the field of cardiovascular and pulmonary-vascular disease, the therapeutic uses of CNP to nephropathies are not as well documented. In this study, we established a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) to observe the beneficial effects of CNP on tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). In UUO rats, CNP administration induced a significant increase in plasma CNP levels, and caused a significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels.

The potential signaling pathway between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and retinoic acid receptor alpha in renal interstitial fibrosis disease.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ (PPARγ) can regulate the process of cell apoptosis and is related to the progression of renal disorders. Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) is one of the nuclear receptors involved in a variety of kidney diseases. Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a common denominator of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

GSTT1 polymorphism and the risk of developing prostate cancer.

A possible association between glutathione S-transferase theta 1 gene (GSTT1) polymorphism and the risk of developing prostate cancer is currently hotly debated, but evidence from various epidemiologic studies remains unclear. This investigation was performed to assess whether an association between GSTT1 polymorphism and prostate cancer risk exists by using meta-analysis to combine comparable studies, thereby increasing sample size and statistical significance, as well as to identify patterns in various studies. The association reports were identified from the PubMed database and the Cochrane Library on March 1, 2013, and data from eligible studies (from 1999-2012) were synthesized.

The role of retinoic acid receptors in the signal pathway of all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation in adriamycin-induced podocyte injury.

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plays an essential role in cell survival and differentiation by binding to retinoic acid receptors (RARs), including RAR-α, RAR-β, and RAR-γ. Injury to podocytes is the most frequent cause of glomerulosclerosis (GS). This study was performed to investigate which of the RAR subtypes is involved in the signal pathway of ATRA-induced differentiation of injured podocytes.

Distribution of pathological finding in the children with nephrotic syndrome from Guangxi.

To identify the variations in pediatric renal biopsy pathology and clinicopathological features in Guangxi, China, in the past ten years, we studied retrospectively the kidney biopsies performed to evaluate the primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) in 218 children at two main medical centers in Guangxi from January 1999 to January 2009. The major pathological finding was mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (48.2%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (16.

LIM homeobox transcription factor 1B expression affects renal interstitial fibrosis and apoptosis in unilateral ureteral obstructed rats.

LIM homeobox transcription factor 1B (LMX1B) is a transcription factor of the LIM homeodomain type and has been implicated in the development of diverse structures such as limbs, kidneys, eyes, and the brain. Furthermore, LMX1B has been implicated in nail-patella syndrome, which is predominantly characterized by malformation of limbs and nails, and in 30% of patients, nephropathy, including renal fibrosis, is observed. Since no reports were available that studied the link between LMX1B expression and renal interstitial fibrosis, we explored if LMX1B affects typical markers of fibrosis, e.

Retracted Association of STAT4 gene polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus / lupus nephritis risk.

Objective: The association of STAT4 gene polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) / lupus nephritis (LN) results from the published studies is still conflicting. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between STAT4 rs7574865, rs16833431, rs11889341, rs8179673, rs10168266, rs7582694, rs3821236, rs7601754 gene polymorphism and SLE / LN, and to explore whether STAT4 gene polymorphism could become a predictive marker for SLE / LN risk.

Methods: Association studies were identified from the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and CBM-disc (China Biological Medicine Database) as of September 1, 2013, and eligible investigations were synthesized using meta-analysis method.

Potential signal pathway of all-trans retinoic acid for MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in injury podocyte induced by adriamycin.

All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) can regulate some specific genes expression in various tissue and cells via nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs), including three subtypes: retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RAR-α), retinoic acid receptor-beta (RAR-β) and retinoic acid receptor-gamma (RAR-γ). Podocyte injury plays a pivotal role in the progression of glomerulosclerosis (GS). This study was performed to study the potential signal pathway of ATRA in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) in injury podocyte.

Association of prohibitin-1 and 2 with oxidative stress in rats with renal interstitial fibrosis.

Prohibitins PHB1 and PHB2 are evolutionary conserved and pleiotropic proteins, which have been shown to be important factors in various cellular functions, including proliferation, tumour suppression, apoptosis, transcription, and mitochondrial protein folding. Recently, we demonstrated that down-regulation promoted renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) in ureteral obstructed rats. Furthermore, the hypoxic conditions and oxidative stress have been implicated in obstruction-mediated renal disease.

Association of transforming growth factor-β1 T869C gene polymorphism with diabetic nephropathy risk.

Aim: A possible association between the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) T869C gene polymorphism and the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. This investigation was performed to assess if an association between the TGF-β1 T869C gene polymorphism and DN risk exists by using meta-analysis to combine comparable studies, thereby increasing sample size and statistical significance, and to identify patterns in various studies.

Methods: The association reports were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CBM-disc (China Biological Medicine Database) on 1 May 2013, and eligible studies were recruited and synthesized.

LIM homeobox transcription factor 1B is associated with pro-fibrotic components and apoptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation renal tubular epithelial cells.

LIM homeobox transcription factor 1B (LMX1B) is a transcription factor of the LIM-homeodomain type, which plays an important role in foetal development during formation of the extremities, kidneys, eyes, and the brain. Furthermore, LMX1B has been implicated in nail-patella syndrome, which is predominantly characterized by malformation of limbs and nails, and in 30 % of patients, nephropathy, including renal fibrosis, is observed. Since no reports were available that studied the link between LMX1B expression and pro-fibrotic components and apoptosis in hypoxic renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC), we explored if LMX1B was associated with extracellular matrix components, profibrotic factors, and apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H-R).

Prohibitin attenuates oxidative stress and extracellular matrix accumulation in renal interstitial fibrosis disease.

Prohibitin is an evolutionary conserved and pleiotropic protein that has been implicated in various cellular functions, including proliferation, tumour suppression, apoptosis, transcription, and mitochondrial protein folding. Both prohibitin over- and under-expression have been implicated in various diseases and cell types. We recently demonstrated that prohibitin down-regulation results in increased renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF).

Paradoxical expressions of natriuretic peptide receptor-C and neutral endopeptidase account for C-type natriuretic peptide decline during the progression of experimental obstructive nephropathy.

Introduction: C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) selectively binds to the guanylyl cyclase coupled natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-B and exerts more potent antihypertrophic and antifibrotic properties. Elimination of CNP occurs mainly by neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and NPR-C.

Methods: We established a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) to examine the continuous change of the CNP expression and to assess the correlations of NPR-B, NPR-C, NEP with CNP in the obstructed kidneys.