Macrophage STING signaling promotes fibrosis in benign airway stenosis via an IL6-STAT3 pathway.

Acute and chronic inflammation are important pathologies of benign airway stenosis (BAS) fibrosis, which is a frequent complication of critically ill patients. cGAS-STING signalling has an important role in inflammation and fibrosis, yet the function of STING in BAS remains unclear. Here we demonstrate using scRNA sequencing that cGAS‒STING signalling is involved in BAS, which is accompanied by increased dsDNA, expression and activation of STING.

Effects of visual disruption on static and dynamic postural control in people with and without chronic ankle instability.

Introduction: Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) is a chronic syndrome resulting from repeated ankle sprains that lead to persistent dysfunction.the purpose of this study is to determine whether visual disruption could influence static and dynamic postural control in people with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI), with the objective of gaining a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between visual inputs and postural control.

Methods: Thirty people with CAI (21 males and 9 females, age = 22.

Impaired tryptophan metabolism by type 2 inflammation in epithelium worsening asthma.

Previous researches indicate that tryptophan metabolism is critical to allergic inflammation and that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), as a key enzyme, is known for its immunosuppressive properties. Therefore, we are aimed to explore whether tryptophan metabolism, especially IDO1, influences allergic asthma and clarify specific mechanism. With the analysis of clinical data, exploration in cell experiments, and verifying in HDM-induced asthma mice models, we finally found that in allergic asthma, low level of T1 cytokines along with high level of T2 cytokines inhibited the expression of IDO1 in airway epithelium, hampering the kynurenine pathway in tryptophan metabolism and decreasing the level of intracellular kynurenine (Kyn).

4-phenylbutyric acid promotes hepatocellular carcinoma via initiating cancer stem cells through activation of PPAR-α.

Background And Aims: 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is a low molecular weight fatty acid that is used in clinical practice to treat inherited urea cycle disorders. In previous reports, it acted as a chemical chaperone inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response signaling. A few studies have suggested its function against hepatic fibrosis in mice models.

The noncoding and coding transcriptional landscape of the peripheral immune response in patients with COVID-19.

Background: COVID-19 is currently a global pandemic, but the response of human immune system to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains unclear. Noncoding RNAs serve as immune regulators and thus may play a critical role in disease progression.

Methods: We performed multi-transcriptome sequencing of both noncoding RNAs and mRNAs isolated from the red blood cell depleted whole blood of moderate and severe COVID-19 patients.

Erratum: Author Correction: Immune cell profiling of COVID-19 patients in the recovery stage by single-cell sequencing.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s41421-020-0168-9.].

Immune cell profiling of COVID-19 patients in the recovery stage by single-cell sequencing.

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has recently affected over 1,200,000 people and killed more than 60,000. The key immune cell subsets change and their states during the course of COVID-19 remain unclear. We sought to comprehensively characterize the transcriptional changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the recovery stage of COVID-19 by single-cell RNA sequencing technique.

Hypoxia induces tumor cell growth and angiogenesis in non-small cell lung carcinoma via the Akt-PDK1-HIF1α-YKL-40 pathway.

Background: As one of the most common forms of cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), is characterized by oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is a major mediator which responds hypoxia and regulates many contributing factors. The various modes of hypoxia regulation are frequently the focus of research studies.

Simultaneous adsorption of aflatoxin B and zearalenone by mono- and di-alkyl cationic surfactants modified montmorillonites.

Organo-montmorillonites (OMts) modified with mono- and di-alkyl cationic surfactants were prepared to remove polar mycotoxin aflatoxin B (AFB) and weak polar, hydrophobic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZER) simultaneously. The structural and surface properties of the prepared OMts were investigated. In vitro adsorption experiments were carried out to simulate the in vivo conditions of gastrointestinal tract of animals by a batch mode.

Prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease by magnetic nanoparticles of Fe₃O₄ combined with cyclosporin A in murine models.

Objective: To investigate the effect of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of Fe(3)O(4) combined with cyclosporin A (CsA) on acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in murine models.

Methods: BALB/c mice preconditioned with total-body irradiation generated aGVHD and then were followed with allo-HSCT from allogeneic C57BL/6. Recipient mice were randomly divided into five groups and then given different supportive care and followed up.