Exploring causal correlations between inflammatory cytokines and Ménière's disease: a Mendelian randomization.

Objectives: Previous studies have highlighted associations between certain inflammatory cytokines and Ménière's Disease (MD), such as interleukin (IL) -13 and IL-1β. This Mendelian randomization aims to comprehensively evaluate the causal relationships between 91 inflammatory cytokines and MD.

Methods: A comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to determine the causal association between inflammatory cytokines and MD.

Combined ultrasound and low temperature pretreatment improve the content of anthocyanins, phenols and volatile substance of Merlot red wine.

Ultrasound combined with low temperature treatment is a new food processing technology. In this study, low temperature, three ultrasound power levels, and their combinations were adopted in the must before fermentation to study their effects on Merlot red wine. The results showed that ultrasound combined with low temperature pretreatment increased the total and monomer contents of anthocyanins and phenols, affected the color of the wine, and significantly increased its antioxidant capacity.

SnNaSn(OH) Perovskite with Sn/Na Disorder for Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol.

Cation disorder in hydroxide-based perovskites remains relatively under-researched. In this work, novel hydroxide-based perovskite SnNaSn(OH) was first fabricated by a direct hydrothermal method, and its ability to photodegrade 2,4-dichlorophenol was evaluated. The synthesized photocatalyst is isostructural with MSn(OH) (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, or Zn), where the M site is occupied by disordered Sn/Na.