Mendelian randomization analysis reveals causal factors behind diabetic nephropathy: evidence, opportunities, and challenges.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), as the most serious minor vascular complication of diabetes, imposes a significant socioeconomic and medical cost around the world, and its prevention and treatment are a major challenge in the current medical community. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials have revealed protective and risk factors for some DN. However, the conclusions of these researches may be influenced by several types of confounding.

Relationship between stroke and estimated glucose disposal rate: results from two prospective cohort studies.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a recognized contributor to stroke association, and the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) is a dependable indicator of IR. However, the specific connections between eGDR, stroke prevalence, and overall mortality have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to examine how eGDR correlates with stroke and overall death rate.

Inhibited hypoxia-inducible factor by intraoperative hyperglycemia increased postoperative delirium of aged patients: A review.

The underlying mechanism of postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly people remains unclear. Perioperative hyperglycemia (POHG) is an independent risk indicator for POD, particularly in the elderly. Under cerebral desaturation (hypoxia) during general anesthesia, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is neuroprotective during cerebral hypoxia via diverse pathways, like glucose metabolism and angiogenesis.

The potential of astragalus polysaccharide for treating diabetes and its action mechanism.

Type 2 diabetes presents a significant global health burden and is frequently linked to serious clinical complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), extracted from , exhibits various biochemical and physiological effects. In recent years, a growing number of researchers have investigated the role of APS in glucose control and the treatment of diabetes and its complications in various diabetes models, positioning APS as a promising candidate for diabetes therapy.

Chinese herbal medicine Shenqi compound for early intervention in patients at high cardiovascular risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the protocol of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Introduction: Reducing multiple cardiovascular risk factors is a key link and a challenging clinical problem to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications and death in patients with diabetes. Currently, there is a lack of clinical studies on patients with diabetes combined with multiple risk factors. Traditional Chinese medicine is believed to have therapeutic effects that contribute to the comprehensive control of multiple cardiovascular factors.

Chinese herbal medicine and active ingredients for diabetic cardiomyopathy: molecular mechanisms regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. It is often associated with clinical manifestations such as arrhythmias and heart failure, and significantly reduces the quality of life and years of survival of patients. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is the removal of unfolded and misfolded proteins and is an important mechanism for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis.

The efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine as an add-on therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with carotid atherosclerosis: An updated meta-analysis of 27 randomized controlled trials.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a clinical metabolic syndrome characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. Patients with T2DM are more likely to have carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), which can lead to dizziness, amaurosis or even stroke. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has shown possible efficacy and safety in treating T2DM patients with CAS.

Preliminary Study of the Distinctive Mechanism of Shenqi Compound in Treating Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Comparing with Metformin.

Background: In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for centuries.

Methods: To investigate how the TCM ShenQi (SQC) formulation differs from metformin, four rat groups, including control, model, T2DM rats treated using SQC (SQC group), and T2DM rats treated using metformin (Met group), were constructed. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SQC and metformin groups were screened, and the co-expression modules of the DEGs were constructed based on the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) method.

Efficacy, safety and therapeutic mechanism of Shen-Qi Xiao-Tan formula in the treatment of peripheral atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial protocol.

Background: Peripheral atherosclerosis is a common macrovascular complication of diabetes, but the treatment is limited. Chinese herbal medicine is the complementary and alternative therapy to delay the progression of atherosclerosis and reduce blood glucose and lipids. Shen-Qi Xiao-Tan (SQXT) formula is one of the prescriptions commonly used to treat diabetic peripheral atherosclerosis, but there is still a lack of high-quality evidence-based evidence.

The Mitigatory Effect of Shen-Qi Compound on the Diabetic Thoracic Aortic Complications through Inhibiting the Inflammatory Microenvironment by miR-223-3p/RBP-J/IRF8 Axis.

Background: Disruption of the vascular immunological inflammatory microenvironment is linked to metabolic memory impairment. Even though it has been proven that the Shen-Qi compound (SQC) can efficiently halt metabolic memory and preserve vascular endothelial cells, extensive studies need to be done to investigate if it can also change the vascular immune-inflammatory microenvironment by regulating the immune system. This will help figure out the role of stopping metabolic memory.

The efficacy and safety of dachaihu decoction in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a clinical metabolic syndrome characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, which is caused by defective insulin secretion and decreased function in regulating glucose metabolism. Dachaihu Decoction (DCHD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that has been gradually used in T2DM treatment. A comprehensive analysis on the efficacy and safety of DCHD in T2DM treatment is necessary.

Exploration of SQC Formula Effect on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Whole Transcriptome Profile in Rats.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that has turned out to be a pandemic all over the world. In China, some traditional Chinese herbal formulas have enjoyed a high reputation in T2DM treatment for centuries.

Methods: In this study, ShenQi compound (SQC) is proposed, a formula that has been performed on T2DM clinical therapeutics in China for many years.

Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine on blood glucose fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: As one of the major chronic diseases that seriously threaten human health, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a global public health problem. Blood glucose fluctuation is a risk factor independent of hyperglycemia. At present, the measures to treat blood glucose fluctuations in patients with T2DM are insufficient in effectiveness and safety.

The efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine Shen-Qi Hua-Yu formula in patients with diabetic lower extremity artery disease: Study protocol of a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) is greatly harmful to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an alternative therapy to delay the development of macrovascular diseases, but the existing evidence of its efficacy, safety and mechanism of action is insufficient. We report a study protocol of a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that aims to use well-designed clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) Shen-Qi Hua-Yu formula, and to explore efficacy mechanism of the TCM granules and the biomarkers of TCM syndrome.