Nanoscale dynamics of Dynamin 1 helices reveals squeeze-twist deformation mode critical for membrane fission.

Dynamin 1 (Dyn1) GTPase, a principal driver of membrane fission during synaptic endocytosis, self-assembles into short mechanoactive helices cleaving the necks of endocytic vesicles. While structural information about Dyn1 helix is abundant, little is known about the nanoscale dynamics of the helical scaffolding at the moment of fission, complicating mechanistic understanding of Dyn1 action. To address the role of the helix dynamics in fission, we used High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy (HS-AFM) and fluorescence microscopy to track and compare the spatiotemporal characteristics of the helices formed by wild-type Dyn1 and its K44A mutant impaired in GTP hydrolysis on minimal lipid membrane templates.

Dual regulation of As release and soil environment by Fe(Ⅱ) assisted steel slag and coal fly ash: Effects and potential mechanisms.

Multiple solid waste-based amendments are used for arsenic (As)-contaminated soil remediation, but their mechanisms in inhibiting As release and the effects on soil health in real sites remain poorly understood. Here, an amendment consisting of steel slag (SS), coal fly ash (CFA) and Fe(Ⅱ), namely, Fe(Ⅱ) assisted SS and CFA, was applied to an As-contaminated mining soil. 120 days field experimental results revealed that amendment addition in low-As soil (LA soil) and high-As soil (HA soil) significantly increased amorphous Fe(Ⅲ) (hydro)oxides content and decreased dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and thus inhibited As mobilization.

Spatial difference analysis and driving factor diagnosis for regional water resources carrying capacity based on set pair analysis.

Studying regional water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) is an important way to find out and solve regional water resources problems. Analyzing the spatial difference of WRCC and diagnosing its driving factors is the basis for the implementation of the water control policy named "spatial balance". This study selects evaluation indicators for WRCC from three aspects: water resources, social economy, and ecological environment.

The Onset of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Triggers Nucleus Pulposus Cell Pyroptosis to Exacerbate Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.

Purpose: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder marked by immune system dysregulation and autoantibodies production, causing widespread inflammation and damage across various body systems. Despite the prevalent back pain in SLE patients, the link between SLE and intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, a primary contributor to back pain, remains inadequately understood. This study explored the impact of SLE on IVD degeneration using the MRL/ mouse model, which effectively replicates human SLE manifestations.

Causal effects of specific gut microbiota on spinal stenosis diseases: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.

Background: Although recent observational studies and clinical trials have indicated a strong association between the gut microbiota and spinal stenosis diseases, the causal relationship between them remains unclear.

Methods: Based on large-scale genome-wide association studies, we employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to analyse the causal relationships between the gut microbiota (GM) and 3 spinal stenosis diseases: adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), lumbar spondylolisthesis (LS), and spinal stenosis (SS). MR analysis was performed using the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method as the primary approach, supplemented by MR‒Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode analyses.

Hydraulic loss experiment of straight-through Tesla valve in forward and reverse directions.

Tesla valves are widely used in the field of fluid control. To study the hydraulic performance of straight-through Tesla valves in forward and reverse flow, 16 straight-through Tesla valves with diverse blade parameters were designed in this paper, and hydraulic loss tests were carried out in forward and reverse flow under different working conditions. The results show that the hydraulic loss increases with the increasing working flow rate in forward and reverse flow; at the identical flow rate, the reverse loss is higher than the forward loss.

Numerical study on the forward and inverse problems of the mobile pump truck frame.

Aiming at the requirements of strong mobility and high flexibility of rescue and relief mobile pump trucks, this paper designs a new type of mobile pump truck frame based on existing mobile vehicle frame models. The materials used for the frame are 40Cr and Q235, and the finite element method is utilized to carry out static mechanical analysis and dynamic characteristic analysis. Simultaneously utilizing topology optimization and multi-objective genetic algorithm to optimize the design of the frame structure.

Fabrication of injectable alginate hydrogels with sustained release of 4-octyl itaconate for articular anti-inflammatory.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and degenerative joint disease that remains a great challenge in treatment due to the lack of effective therapies. 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) is a novel and potent modulator of inflammation for the treatment of inflammatory disease. However, the clinical usage of 4-OI is limited due to its poor solubility and low bioavailability.

Hydroazidation of trifluoromethyl alkenes with trimethylsilyl azide enabled by organic photoredox catalysis.

Herein, we report an organic photoredox-catalyzed hydroazidation of trifluoromethyl alkenes with user-friendly trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN), enabling a direct access to a broad range of valuable β-CF-azides with exclusive selectivity under mild reaction conditions. The synthetic utility of this reaction was demonstrated by the late-stage modification of complex drug derivatives, scale-up of the reaction and diverse further derivatizations of the β-CF-azide product.

Evaluation in mice of cell-free produced CT584 as a Chlamydia vaccine antigen.

is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted pathogen worldwide. Since chlamydial infection is largely asymptomatic with the potential for serious complications, a preventative vaccine is likely the most viable long-term answer to this public health threat. Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) utilizes the cellular protein manufacturing machinery decoupled from the requirement for maintaining cellular viability, offering the potential for flexible, rapid, and de-centralized production of recombinant protein vaccine antigens.

The genetic relationships between immune cell traits, circulating inflammatory proteins and preeclampsia/eclampsia.

Objectives: Preeclampsia/eclampsia (PE), a critical complication during pregnancy, has been suggested to correlate with immune cell phenotypes and levels of circulating inflammatory proteins. Our study aimed to employ a two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the potential causal effects of immune cell phenotypes and circulating inflammatory proteins on the onset of PE.

Methods: We utilized summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Numerical investigation of flow characteristics in the front and rear chambers of centrifugal pump and pump as turbine.

To investigate the flow characteristics in front chamber and rear chamber in pump mode and pump as turbine mode, a 3D computational model of a centrifugal pump was established, including the front and rear chamber. Based on Realizable k-ε turbulence model, numerical calculations of incompressible flow were carried out for internal viscous flow in two operating modes. Further analysis was conducted on the flow stability and hydraulic losses under two modes using energy gradient theory and entropy production theory.

-Modified Transgenic Rice May Shift the Composition and Diversity of Rhizosphere Microbiota.

Plants significantly shape root-associated microbiota, making rhizosphere microbes useful environmental indicator organisms for safety assessment. Here, we report the pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA in rhizosphere soil samples collected from transgenic rice Huahui No. 1 (GM crop) and its parental counterpart, Minghui63.

Roles of long noncoding RNAs in human inflammatory diseases.

Chemokines, cytokines, and inflammatory cells mediate the onset and progression of many diseases through the induction of an inflammatory response. LncRNAs have emerged as important regulators of gene expression and signaling pathways. Increasing evidence suggests that lncRNAs are key players in the inflammatory response, making it a potential therapeutic target for various diseases.

Advances in Adjoint Functions of Connection Number in Water Resources Complex Systems: A Systematic Review.

The adjoint function of connection number has unique advantages in solving uncertainty problems of water resource complex systems, and has become an important frontier and research hotspot in the uncertainty research of water resource complex problems. However, in the rapid evolution of the adjoint function, some problems greatly limit the application of the adjoint function in the research of water resources. Therefore, based on bibliometric analysis, development, practical application issues, and prospects of the hot directions are analyzed.

A theoretical model for predicting the startup performance of pumps as turbines.

Using the unsteady Bernoulli equation for the piping system and the angular momentum equation for the rotor, derives here a theoretical model to predict the startup performance of a pump as turbine (PAT). This model is effective for predicting the instantaneous evolution characteristics of the main performance parameters of PAT during startup, and these changings are initially faster and then slowly as a whole. The effect of the rotor moment of inertia and the final stabilized rotational speed of PAT on evolution characteristics of parameters is opposite.

Far-UVC Photolysis of Peroxydisulfate for Micropollutant Degradation in Water.

Increasing radical yields to reduce UV fluence requirement for achieving targeted removal of micropollutants in water would make UV-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) less energy demanding in the context of United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals and carbon neutrality. We herein demonstrate that, by switching the UV radiation source from conventional low-pressure UV at 254 nm (UV) to emerging Far-UVC at 222 nm (UV), the fluence-based concentration of HO in the UV/peroxydisulfate (UV/PDS) AOP increases by 6.40, 2.

A sterol analog inhibits hedgehog pathway by blocking cholesterylation of smoothened.

The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has long been a hotspot for anti-cancer drug development due to its important role in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. However, most clinically available Hh pathway inhibitors target the seven-transmembrane region (7TM) of smoothened (SMO), and the acquired drug resistance is an urgent problem in SMO inhibitory therapy. Here, we identify a sterol analog Q29 and show that it can inhibit the Hh pathway through binding to the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of SMO and blocking its cholesterylation.

Effect of long-term dry-wet circulations on the Solidification/stabilization of Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash using a novel cementitious material.

Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is a typical technique to immobilize toxic heavy metals in Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA). This study utilized blast furnace slag, steel slag, desulfurization gypsum, and phosphoric acid sludge to develop a novel metallurgical slag based cementing material (MSCM). Its S/S effects of MSWI FA and long-term S/S effectiveness under dry-wet circulations (DWC) were evaluated and compared with ordinary Portland cement (OPC).

A sonographic endometrial thickness <7 mm in women undergoing in vitro fertilization increases the risk of placenta accreta spectrum.

Background: The prevalence of placenta accreta spectrum, a potentially life-threatening condition, has exhibited a significant global rise in recent decades. Effective screening methods and early identification strategies for placenta accreta spectrum could enable early treatment and improved outcomes. Endometrial thickness plays a crucial role in successful embryo implantation and favorable pregnancy outcomes.