Translation Effectiveness of Offset Heart Rate Biofeedback as a Mindless Intervention for Alcohol Craving Among Risky Drinkers: Controlled Experiment.

Background: Digital and wearable intervention systems promise to improve how people manage their behavioral health conditions by making interventions available when the user can best benefit from them. However, existing interventions are obtrusive because they require attention and motivation to engage in, limiting the effectiveness of such systems in demanding contexts, such as when the user experiences alcohol craving. Mindless interventions, developed by the human-computer interaction community, offer an opportunity to intervene unobtrusively.

Association of altered cortical gyrification and working memory in male early abstinent alcohol-dependent individuals.

Background: Alcohol dependence (AD) is an addictive disorder with multifaceted neurobiological features. Recent research on the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD has emphasized the important role of dysconnectivity. Cortical gyrification is known to be a reliable marker of neural connectivity.

The Acceptability and Effects of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depressive Symptoms and Remission in 13- to 17-Year-Old Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability and effects of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) or CBT-oriented interventions compared with control groups on depressive symptoms, remission of depression, and quality of life (QOL) in adolescents.

Methods: We searched English and Chinese databases for randomized controlled trials up to October 10, 2024 that investigated the effects of iCBT compared with controls in adolescents exhibiting elevated depressive symptoms or diagnosed with depression. Standardized mean differences (SMDs), relative risks (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals were applied to evaluate the pooled effects of outcomes.

Exome functional risk score and brain connectivity can predict social adaptability outcome of children with autism spectrum disorder in 4 years' follow up.

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder emerging in early childhood, with heterogeneous clinical outcomes across individuals. This study aims to recognize neuroimaging genetic factors associated with outcomes of ASD after a 4-year follow-up.

Methods: A total of 104 ASD children were included in this study; they underwent clinical assessments, MRI data acquisition, and the whole exome sequencing (WES).

[Effect of Emotion Regulation on Anxiety/Depression Symptoms in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The Mediating Role of Social Problems and the Moderating Role of Family Functioning].

Objective: To investigate the mediating effect of social problems in the effect pathway of emotional dysregulation influencing anxiety/depression emotions in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to explore the potential moderating effect of family functionality.

Methods: A total of 235 children diagnosed with ADHD were enrolled in the study. The paticipants' age ranged from 6 to 12.

Ultrasmall calcium-enriched Prussian blue nanozymes promote chronic wound healing by remodeling the wound microenvironment.

Chronic wound healing remains challenging due to the oxidative microenvironment. Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles exhibiting multiple antioxidant enzyme-like activities have attracted widespread attention, while their antioxidant efficacy remains unsatisfied. Herein, ultrasmall calcium-enriched Prussian blue nanoparticles (CaPB NPs) are simply constructed with high yields for the wound repair application.

Modeling-Experiment-Theory Analysis of Reactions Initiated from Cl + Methyl Formate.

Methyl formate (MF; CHOCHO) is the smallest representative of esters, which are common components of biodiesel. The present study characterizes the thermal dissociation kinetics of the radicals formed by H atom abstraction from MF─CHOCO and CHOCHO─through a combination of modeling, experiment, and theory. For the experimental effort, excimer laser photolysis of Cl was used as a source of Cl atoms to initiate reactions with MF in the gas phase.

Biomass directional pyrolysis based on element economy to produce high-quality fuels, chemicals, carbon materials - A review.

Biomass is regarded as the only carbon-containing renewable energy source and has performed an increasingly important role in the gradual substitution of conventional fossil energy, which also contributes to the goals of carbon neutrality. In the past decade, the academic field has paid much greater attention to the development of biomass pyrolysis technologies. However, most biomass conversion technologies mainly derive from the fossil fuel industry, and it must be noticed that the large element component difference between biomass and traditional fossil fuels.

The Enhanced Durability of AgCu Nanoparticle Coatings for Antibacterial Nonwoven Air Conditioner Filters.

Antibacterial nonwoven fabrics, incorporated with Ag, have been applied as masks and air conditioner filters to prevent the spread of disease from airborne respiratory pathogens. In this work, we present a comparison study of Ag ions: Ag and AgCu nanoparticles (NPs) coated onto nonwoven fabrics intended for use as air conditioner antibacterial filters. We illustrate their color changes and durability running in air conditioners using antibacterial activity testing and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic (XPS) analysis.

Response of Intestinal Microbiota to the Variation in Diets in Grass Carp ().

The intestinal microbiota is important for the nutrient metabolism of fish and is significantly influenced by the host's diet. The effect of ryegrass and commercial diets on the intestinal microbiota of grass carp was compared in this study. In comparison to ryegrass, artificial feed significantly reduced the microbial diversity in the intestine, which was measured by a decrease in the observed OTUs, ACE, Shannon, and the InvSimpson index.

Automated Digital Interventions and Smoking Cessation: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Relating Efficiency to a Psychological Theory of Intervention Perspective.

Background: Smoking remains a highly significant preventable global public health problem. In this context, digital interventions offer great advantages in terms of a lack of biological side effects, possibility of automatic delivery, and consequent human resource savings relative to traditional interventions. Such interventions have been studied in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) but have not been systematically reviewed with the inclusion of text-based and multiplatform-based interventions.

AgCu NP Formation by the Ag NP Catalysis of Cu Ions at Room Temperature and Their Antibacterial Efficacy: A Kinetic Study.

Although a facile route to prepare AgCu nanoalloys (NAs) with enhanced antibacterial efficacy using Ag NP catalysis of Cu ions at elevated temperatures was previously developed, its detailed reaction process is still unclear due to the fast reaction process at higher temperatures. This work found that AgCu NAs can also be synthesized by the same process but at room temperature. AgCu NAs formation kinetics have been studied using UV-Visible spectra and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), where formation includes Cu deposition onto the Ag NP surface and Ag release, reduction, and agglomeration to form new Ag NPs; this is followed by a redistribution of the NA components and coalescence to form larger AgCu NPs.

A bidirectional association between internet addiction and depression: A large-sample longitudinal study among Chinese university students.

Background: Internet addiction (IA) is associated with adverse consequences, especially for younger people. Evidence indicates that IA is associated with depression, but no studies have yet investigated potential common vulnerability between them.

Methods: IA (measured by the Young's 20-item Internet Addiction Test Scale) and depressive symptoms (measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Scale) among 12 043 undergraduates were surveyed at baseline and at a respective 12 month follow-up for each participant.

Functional Connectivity of Nucleus Accumbens and Medial Prefrontal Cortex With Other Brain Regions During Early-Abstinence Is Associated With Alcohol Dependence and Relapse: A Resting-Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Alcohol dependence (AD) is a chronic recurrent brain disease that causes a heavy disease burden worldwide, partly due to high relapse rates after detoxification. Verified biomarkers are not available for AD and its relapse, although the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) may play important roles in the mechanism of addiction. This study investigated AD- and relapse-associated functional connectivity (FC) of the NAc and mPFC with other brain regions during early abstinence.

Kobophenol A Inhibits Binding of Host ACE2 Receptor with Spike RBD Domain of SARS-CoV-2, a Lead Compound for Blocking COVID-19.

In the search for inhibitors of COVID-19, we have targeted the interaction between the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and the spike receptor binding domain (S1-RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Virtual screening of a library of natural compounds identified Kobophenol A as a potential inhibitor. Kobophenol A was then found to block the interaction between the ACE2 receptor and S1-RBD with an IC of 1.

A brief web-based screening plus emotional-disorder health education was associated with improvement of mental health awareness and service-seeking attitudes among patients seeking nonpsychiatric clinical services in China.

Objectives: Low recognition and intervention rates of emotional disorders among nonpsychiatric clinical patients are primarily attributable to poor mental health awareness of patients and a paucity of mental health care resources. This study aims to investigate the association of a resource-saving brief web-based emotional-disorder self-screening plus a health self-education program (BWBED-SS + HSE) with improved mental health awareness and service-seeking attitudes among nonpsychiatric clinical patients.

Method: A sample of 2065 patients seeking health services in nonpsychiatric clinical settings underwent BWBED-SS + HSE using mobile terminals.

A real-world study on clinical predictors of relapse after hospitalized detoxification in a Chinese cohort with alcohol dependence.

Background: The relapse rate of alcohol dependence (AD) after detoxification is high, but few studies have investigated the clinical predictors of relapse after hospitalized detoxification in real-world clinical practice, especially among Chinese patients.

Methods: This longitudinal cohort study followed up 122 AD patients who were discharged from January 1, 2016 to January 30, 2018 from their most recent hospitalization for detoxification. These patients were interviewed by telephone from May 20, 2017, to June 30, 2018, at least 6 months after discharge.

Three-dimensional macroporous graphene-wrapped zero-valent copper nanoparticles as efficient micro-electrolysis-promoted Fenton-like catalysts for metronidazole removal.

Three-dimensional macroporous graphene-wrapped zero-valent copper nanoparticles (3D-GN@Cu) were synthesized using a self-assembly process of liquid-phase reduction and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrum analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of 3D-GN@Cu was evaluated in view of the effects of various systems, the pH value, catalyst dosage, initial metronidazole concentration and temperature, and it showed a high efficiency for removing metronidazole with saturated dissolved oxygen (without adding extra HO) in a wide range of pH value from 3.2 to 9.

Chemical kinetic model uncertainty minimization through laminar flame speed measurements.

Laminar flame speed measurements were carried for mixture of air with eight C hydrocarbons (propene, propane, 1,3-butadiene, 1-butene, 2-butene, -butene, -butane, and -butane) at the room temperature and ambient pressure. Along with C hydrocarbon data reported in a recent study, the entire dataset was used to demonstrate how laminar flame speed data can be utilized to explore and minimize the uncertainties in a reaction model for foundation fuels. The USC Mech II kinetic model was chosen as a case study.

[Synthesis and neuroprotective activity in cell culture of aminoadamantane analogues].

Seven novel derivatives of aminoadamantane with 1-aminosubstituted group were synthesized from amantadine or memantine individually in order to find new neuroprotective agent. Six of them are amides of two precursors, one is a 1-amino derivative of memantine substituted with 2-hydroxy propyl. Their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and HRMS.