Adaptive Resistance of to Cefquinome Sulfate in an In Vitro Pharmacokinetic Model with Transcriptomic Insights.

Cefquinome sulfate has a strong killing effect against (), but bacterial resistance has become increasingly widespread. Experiments were conducted to investigate the pattern of adaptive resistance of to cefquinome sulfate under different dosage regimens by using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) modeling, and the adaptive-resistant bacteria in different states were screened and subjected to transcriptomic sequencing. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of Staphylococcus aureus under the action of cefquinome sulfate was 0.

Human inborn errors of immunity underlying infections: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: () infections in children can occur secondary to inborn errors of immunity (IEIs). We aimed to investigate the clinical and genetic features of infection in Chinese pediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 18 pediatric patients with IEIs who were diagnosed with infections at five public hospitals in China from January 2015 to January 2023.

High levels of histone acetylation modifications promote the formation of PGCs.

This study investigates the role of histone acetylation in the differentiation of chicken embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into primordial germ cells (PGCs). Transcriptomic sequencing was used to analyze differentially expressed genes during this differentiation process, with functional annotation identifying genes associated with histone acetylation. To explore the role of acetylation, acetate and an acetyltransferase inhibitor (ANAC) were added to the ESCs induction medium.

Inhibition of the MyD88 signaling pathway could upregulates Ghrelin expression to synergistically regulate hepatic -infected progression.

Introduction: AE and whether the inhibition of the MyD88 inflammatory pathway can enhance Ghrelin expression to collaboratively modulate AE progression remains unclear.

Methods: In this study, we evaluated Ghrelin serum levels and changes in TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway proteins and inflammatory factors in AE patients and mouse models at different stages of infection (-4, -8, and -12 weeks). Additionally, we administered the MyD88 inhibitor TJ-M2010-5 intraperitoneally to infected mice to evaluate alterations in inflammation and Ghrelin levels, as well as disease progression.

Is it feasible to use AI-based drug design methods in the process of generating effective COVID-19 inhibitors? A validation study using molecular docking, molecular simulation, and pharmacophore methods.

Although the COVID-19 pandemic has been brought under control to some extent globally, there is still debate in the industry about the feasibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) to generate COVID small-molecule inhibitors. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using AI to design effective inhibitors of COVID-19. By combining a generative model with reinforcement learning and molecular docking, we designed small-molecule inhibitors targeting the COVID-19 3CLpro enzyme.

Probiotics prevent pegylated liposomal doxorubicin-associated hand-foot syndrome and oral mucositis of breast cancer patients following surgery and chemotherapy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and oral mucositis (OM) are common adverse events during cancer chemotherapy and can significantly decrease patients' quality of life and chemotherapy adaptation, however, prevention strategies of these complications yet to be established.

Methods: Patients with stages I-III breast cancer, who had surgery and needed pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD)-based adjuvant chemotherapy were screened, recruited and randomly assigned to receive either probiotics or placebo (three capsules, twice/day) treatment during the course of chemotherapy from November 2019 to August 2020. The incidence and severity of PLD related HFS and OM, and patients' quality of life were assessed.

Clinical Pharmacist Involved in the Treatment of Pneumonia: A Case Report.

Objective: The first-line treatment for severe pneumonia (PCP) is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ). Here, we report a case involving 6-month-old child with a PCP infection, highlighting the role of clinical pharmacists in providing individualized pharmaceutical care and guidance through the process of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).

Methods: The clinical pharmacist monitored the concentration of TMP/SMZ in the serum, urine and sputum of a 6-month-old child with PCP infection.

Integrated metagenomics and metatranscriptomics analyses reveal the impacts of different Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains on microbial communities and metabolic profiles in pickled bamboo shoots.

Effects of two different Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation processes on microbial communities and metabolic functions were evaluated using metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. Dominant species in Lactobacillus plantarum DACN4208 (LPIF8) and DACN4120 (LPIF10) were Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus plantarum, with Lactiplantibacillus comprised 75.31 % of the microbial community in LPIF10.

Development of a Prognosis Prediction Model for Pediatric Sepsis Based on the NLPR.

Objective: Identifying high-risk children with poor prognoses during the early stages of sepsis and providing timely and appropriate interventions are imperative. The objective of this study was to develop a prognostic prediction model for pediatric sepsis utilizing the neutrophil to lymphocyte and platelet ratio (NLPR).

Methods: A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between the NLPR and in-hospital mortality among septic children upon admission.

Immune cell composition and its impact on prognosis in children with sepsis.

Background: Given the critical role of immune cells and their responses in sepsis pathogenesis, this study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of various immune cell ratios in septic children through the collection and analysis of clinical data.

Methods: Clinical data were collected from septic children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Shenzhen Children's Hospital between January 2019 and September 2021. The peripheral blood immune cell ratios included the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), the neutrophil to lymphocyte and platelet ratio (NLPR), the monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR).

Molecular Dynamics Simulations Guide the Gasification Process of Carbon-Supported Nickel Catalysts in Biomass Supercritical Water.

In this study, the Density Functional Theory (DFT) Calculations for Molecules and Clusters-ADF module is employed to model carbon-supported nickel catalysts and lignin monomers, integrating the ReaxFF module to simulate molecular dynamics under supercritical water conditions, with a focus on lignin decomposition reactions. Molecular dynamics models for supercritical water gasification are established under various conditions such as catalyst presence, water molecule quantities, and reaction temperature. By comparing simulation systems under different conditions, the yields of and variations in combustible gases (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) are summarized.

A combination model of CT-based radiomics and clinical biomarkers for staging liver fibrosis in the patients with chronic liver disease.

A combined model was developed using contrast-enhanced CT-based radiomics features and clinical characteristics to predict liver fibrosis stages in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). We retrospectively analyzed multiphase CT scans and biopsy-confirmed liver fibrosis. 160 CLD patients were randomly divided into 7:3 training/validation ratio.

The performance and mechanism of sulfidated nano-zero-valent iron for the simultaneous stabilization of arsenic and cadmium.

Co-contamination of soil and groundwater with arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) is widespread. Sulfidized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (S-nZVI) is effective in removing As and Cd from contaminated environments. However, the mechanisms governing As and Cd removal from systems containing both species are still unclear.

Towards a Flexible Semantic Guided Model for Single Image Enhancement and Restoration.

Low-light image enhancement (LLIE) investigates how to improve the brightness of an image captured in illumination-insufficient environments. The majority of existing methods enhance low-light images in a global and uniform manner, without taking into account the semantic information of different regions. Consequently, a network may easily deviate from the original color of local regions.

Uptake, subcellular distribution, and fate of tetracycline in two wetland plants supplemented with microbial agents: Effect and mechanism.

The use of wetland plants in the context of phytoremediation is effective in the removal of antibiotics from contaminated water. However, the effectiveness and efficiency of many of these plants in the removal of antibiotics remain undetermined. In this study, the effectiveness of two plants-Phragmites australis and Iris pseudacorus-in the removal of tetracycline (TC) in hydroponic systems was investigated.

Establishment and Verification of an Artificial Intelligence Prediction Model for Children With Sepsis.

Background: Early identification of high-risk groups of children with sepsis is beneficial to reduce sepsis mortality. This article used artificial intelligence (AI) technology to predict the risk of death effectively and quickly in children with sepsis in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Study Design: This retrospective observational study was conducted in the PICUs of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from December 2016 to June 2019 and Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2019 to July 2020.

Combinatorial discovery of antibacterials a feature-fusion based machine learning workflow.

The discovery of new antibacterials within the vast chemical space is crucial in combating drug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant (MRSA). However, the traditional approach of screening the entire chemical library in an ergodic manner can be laborious and time-consuming. Machine learning-assisted screening of antibacterials alleviates the exploration effort but suffers from the lack of reliable and related datasets.

Neonatal Filaggrin Genetic Screening and Counseling to Prevent Atopic Dermatitis in High-Risk Infants.

Mutations in filaggrin (FLG), the gene that codes for the skin barrier protein, have been shown to be associated with atopic dermatitis (AD). The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of genetic counseling and parental education on infants at a high risk of AD. We enrolled 7521 newborns in Taiwan from January 1, 2016, to March 30, 2020, and all of them received genetic testing encompassing 20 known FLG mutations.

Metagenomic analysis of individual mosquito viromes reveals the geographical patterns and drivers of viral diversity.

Mosquito transmitted viruses are responsible for an increasing burden of human disease. Despite this, little is known about the diversity and ecology of viruses within individual mosquito hosts. Here, using a meta-transcriptomic approach, we determined the viromes of 2,438 individual mosquitoes (81 species), spanning ~4,000 km along latitudes and longitudes in China.

Study found increasing use of core outcome sets in Cochrane systematic reviews and identified facilitators and barriers.

Objectives: In 2019, only 7% of Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs) cited a core outcome set (COS) in relation to choosing outcomes, even though a relevant COS existed but was not mentioned (or cited) for a further 29% of SRs. Our objectives for the current work were to (1) examine the extent to which authors are currently considering COS to inform outcome choice in Cochrane protocols and completed SRs, and (2) understand author facilitators and barriers to using COS.

Study Design And Setting: We examined all completed Cochrane SRs published in the last 3 months of 2022 and all Cochrane protocols published in 2022 for the extent to which they: (a) cited a COS, (b) searched for COS, (c) used outcomes from existing COS, and (d) reported outcome inconsistency among included studies and/or noted the need for COS.

A nomogram based on ultrasound scoring system for differentiating between immunoglobulin G4-related sialadenitis and primary Sjögren syndrome.

Objectives: Accurate distinguishing between immunoglobulin G4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) and primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is crucial due to their different treatment approaches. This study aimed to construct and validate a nomogram based on the ultrasound (US) scoring system for the differentiation of IgG4-RS and pSS.

Methods: A total of 193 patients with a clinical diagnosis of IgG4-RS or pSS treated at our institution were enrolled in the training cohort (n = 135; IgG4-RS = 28, pSS = 107) and the validation cohort (n = 58; IgG4-RS = 15, pSS = 43).

Predicting anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of chemical compounds using machine learning models.

To accelerate the discovery of novel drug candidates for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) therapeutics, we reported a series of machine learning (ML)-based models to accurately predict the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of screening compounds. We explored 6 popular ML algorithms in combination with 15 molecular descriptors for molecular structures from 9 screening assays in the COVID-19 OpenData Portal hosted by NCATS. As a result, the models constructed by k-nearest neighbors (KNN) using the molecular descriptor GAFF+RDKit achieved the best overall performance with the highest average accuracy of 0.

Synchronous Double Primary Malignant Tumors and their Possible Shared Genes: A Rare Clinical Entity.

Objective: This study sought to analyze the 18F-FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images of synchronous colorectal cancer (CRC) and renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and identify the shared genes between these two types of cancer through bioinformatic analysis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a patient with synchronous CRC and ccRCC who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT before treatment. Databases were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes between CRC and ccRCC, and co-expression genes were extracted for RCC and CRC.