Leveraging Large Language Models for Predicting Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Elderly Patients.

The objective of this work is to develop a framework based on large language models (LLMs) to predict postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) outcomes in elderly patients. Our study demonstrates that LLMs have the potential to address the issues of poor generalization and weak interpretability commonly encountered in disease prediction using traditional machine learning (ML) models. AKI is a severe postoperative complication, especially in elderly patients with declining renal function.

Biliary HMGB1 levels and biochemical indices in the assessment of acute obstructive septic cholangitis combined with septic shock.

Background: Acute Obstructive Septic Cholangitis (AOSC) is a serious infectious disease of the biliary system. It is prone to develop into septic shock without prompt management.

Methods: Bile was collected from 71 AOSC patients (45 AOSC without septic shock, 26 AOSC with septic shock) during biliary drainage and on days 1 and 3 postoperatively.

Magnetic Prussian blue nanoparticles to enhance dual-readout lateral flow immunoassay for Salmonella typhimurium detection.

Background: Traditional immunochromatographic assay (ICA) test strips typically utilize colloidal gold nanoparticles as colorimetric signal reporters, but they often suffer from compromised sensitivity and quantitative accuracy, making them inadequate for the stringent demands of trace-level screening. In addition, the heterogeneous nature of food matrices, such as dairy products, meat, and ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables, complicates the accuracy and reliability of ICA for detecting foodborne pathogens. Therefore, enhancing the detection accuracy of ICA is critical to meet the stringent requirements for pathogen detection in complex food samples.

Micronanoplastic exposure due to cardiopulmonary bypass in children: A prospective observational study.

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is widely used in cardiac operations. However, it remains unclear whether a CPB circuit, which is mainly made of plastics, can release micronanoplastics (MNPs) into the bloodstream. We conducted a prospective observational study involving children undergoing congenital heart disease repair with CPB support.

Antifouling Spiky Nanoelectrodes Enhance Detection of Bacterial mRNA.

Nanomaterials have extensive applications in the development of sensitive biosensors, but the influence of their specific structural properties remains unclear. This work presents a platform that can provide mechanistic insight into how nanostructured electrodes improve the performance of electrochemical biosensors. We designed nanoelectrodes with sub-10 nm spike features through a combination of top-down lithography and solution-based synthesis.

Synchronous Regulation of Ferroelectric and Spin Polarization for High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Water Splitting.

Enhancing the ferroelectric polarization field and tuning the electron spin polarization as novel approaches to improve photocatalytic performance have sparked considerable research interest. Obviously, a straightforward strategy to simultaneously regulate ferroelectric and spin polarization will have a very attractive application prospect. In this study, a series of BiNbOCl-Ni photocatalysts are synthesized by doping different concentrations of magnetic element Ni into ferroelectric semiconductor BiNbOCl.

Trends in nanobody technology in industrialization.

Antibodies, which are important research entities in the field of biopharmaceuticals, hold a key position in the global pharmaceutical market. Nanobodies [a single-domain antibody (VHH)] have gradually shown unique advantages due to their specificity, small molecule size, high affinity, good stability, flexible delivery routes, and fast tissue penetration. The importance of nanobodies in the imaging, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, especially tumors and autoimmune diseases, is increasing.

Selectively fluorinated aromatic lithium salts regulate the solvation structure and interfacial chemistry for all-solid-state batteries.

Solid polymer electrolytes suffer from the polymer-dominated Li solvation structure, causing unstable electrolyte/electrode interphases and deteriorated battery performance. Here, we design a class of selectively fluorinated aromatic lithium salts (SFALS) as single conducting lithium salts to regulate the solvation structure and interfacial chemistry for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. By tuning the anionic structure, the Li-polyether coupling is weakened, and the Li-anion coordination is enhanced.

TDO2 + cancer-associated fibroblasts mediate cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma immune escape via impeding infiltration of CD8 + T cells.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer, originating from the malignant proliferation of squamous epithelial cells. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. To further explore the mechanisms underlying cSCC, we analyzed the data from one single-cell RNA sequencing study and discovered a significant upregulation of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) in the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs).

Effect of Exogenous Glucose on Molecular Transport through Bacterial Membranes Studied by Second Harmonic Light Scattering.

Recent studies revealed that exogenous glucose increases the efficacy of aminoglycosides in eliminating bacterial persister cells. It was speculated that this increased antimicrobial efficacy is induced by glucose-facilitated uptake of the antibiotics. Here, we examine this hypothesis by using second-harmonic light scattering to time-resolve the transport of an antimicrobial quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), malachite green, across the membranes of living () in the presence of glucose.

The clinical and pathological significance of tertiary lymphoid structure in extramammary Paget's disease.

Background: Tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are functional immune-responsive aggregates, which have been reported to be associated with better prognosis in various tumors. However, their exact characteristics and prognostic value in extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) remain unknown.

Objective: To explore the features of TLSs in EMPD and their association with clinicopathological characteristics.

Magnetic-plasmonic blackbody enhanced lateral flow immunoassay of staphylococcal enterotoxin B.

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in food is a serious health risk, making rapid and accurate detection methods essential. Herein, we synthesized a magnetic plasmonic blackbody, FeO@Au/PDA, by coating a gold/polydopamine (Au/PDA) layer onto an FeO core. This FeO@Au/PDA exhibits broadband absorption, excellent stability, and rapid magnetic response, making it ideal for use as a magnetic separation tool and colorimetric signal amplifier.

Integration analysis using bioinformatics and experimental validation on cellular signalling for sex differences of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

There is a paucity of research examining the molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences of clinical phenotypes and the prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The dataset GSE36961 was retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and comprehensive bioinformatics was employed to identify the core genes linked to sex differences in HCM patients. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to detect downstream signalling pathways.

MAPSeg: Unified Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Heterogeneous Medical Image Segmentation Based on 3D Masked Autoencoding and Pseudo-Labeling.

Robust segmentation is critical for deriving quantitative measures from large-scale, multi-center, and longitudinal medical scans. Manually annotating medical scans, however, is expensive and labor-intensive and may not always be available in every domain. Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) is a well-studied technique that alleviates this label-scarcity problem by leveraging available labels from another domain.

Self-Powered Tactile Sensors Embedded with Self-Healing Electrodes for Multifunctional Applications.

Tactile-based sensing technology represents one of the most promising methods for interacting with their surrounding environment. Consequently, flexible tactile sensing has garnered significant attention from researchers worldwide. In this study, triboelectricity and piezoelectricity were combined to propose a multifunctional self-powered tactile sensor (MSPTS).

CoBEV: Elevating Roadside 3D Object Detection with Depth and Height Complementarity.

Roadside camera-driven 3D object detection is a crucial task in intelligent transportation systems, which extends the perception range beyond the limitations of vision-centric vehicles and enhances road safety. While previous studies have limitations in using only depth or height information, we find both depth and height matter and they are in fact complementary. The depth feature encompasses precise geometric cues, whereas the height feature is primarily focused on distinguishing between various categories of height intervals, essentially providing semantic context.

Covalent Au-C Contact Formation and C-C Homocoupling Reaction from Organotin Compounds in Single-Molecule Junctions.

Formation of new chemical species has been achieved under an electric field by the use of the scanning tunneling microscope break junction technique, yet simultaneous implementation of catalytic reactions both at the organic/metal interface and in the bulk solution remains a challenging task. Herein, we show that -butyl-substituted organotin-terminated benzene undergoes both an efficient cleavage of the terminal tributyltin group to form a covalent Au-C bond and a homocoupling reaction to yield biphenyl product when subjected to an electric field in the vicinity to Au electrodes. By using ex situ characterization of high-performance liquid chromatography with an UV-vis detector, we demonstrate that the homocoupling reaction can occur with high efficiency under an extremely low tip bias voltage of ∼5 mV.

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces prepubertal testicular injury through MAM-related mitochondrial calcium overload in Leydig and Sertoli cell apoptosis.

As one of the most prevalent environmental endocrine disruptors, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is known for its significant developmental toxicity to the male reproductive system in humans and mice. Prepubertal exposure to DEHP has been shown to cause testicular damage, but the underlying mechanisms require further investigation. To investigate this effect, prepubertal mice were exposed to 100, 250 or 500 mg/kg body weight (bw) of DEHP for 14 days, which resulted in impaired histological structure and increased apoptosis of the testes.

Icing and Adhesion Behaviors on Surfaces with Varied Lattice Constants.

Investigating droplet wetting and icing behavior is crucial for comprehending the principles of surface icing and the design of anti-icing surfaces. In this study, we present the evidence from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that reveal a hitherto unreported behavior of droplet wetting and icing adhesion on surfaces with lattice constants from 2.7 to 4.