Fucoidan ameliorates rotenone-induced Parkinsonism in mice by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Microbiota-gut-brain axis, the bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and the brain, has been increasingly appreciated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Fucoidan, a sulphate-rich polysaccharide, has been shown to be neuroprotective by reducing oxidative stress in PD models. However, the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in the neuroprotective activity of fucoidan has not been revealed.

Luteolin alleviates muscle atrophy, mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal FNDC5 expression in high fat diet-induced obese rats and palmitic acid-treated C2C12 myotubes.

Obesity is associated with a series of skeletal muscle impairments and dysfunctions, which are characterized by metabolic disturbances and muscle atrophy. Luteolin is a phenolic phytochemical with broad pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Luteolin on muscle function and explore the potential mechanisms in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats and palmitic acid (PA)-treated C2C12 myotubes.

Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method for rapid and simultaneous quantification of BPI-460372 and its metabolites BPI-460444 and BPI-460456 in human plasma.

In cancer development and progression, the Hippo signaling pathway functions. The transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) stands out as a pivotal transcription factor within this pathway, and the suppression of TEAD represents a promising approach for cancer treatment. The primary aim of the study was to establish an analytical method for the concurrent quantification of a novel TEAD target inhibitor, BPI-460372, and its principal metabolites, BPI-460444 and BPI-460456, in human plasma.

Next-Generation Sequencing for Characterizing Respiratory Tract Virome and Improving Detection of Viral Pathogens in Children With Pneumonia.

Background: Pneumonia is typically caused by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Traditional research often focuses on the infection of a few microorganisms, whereas metagenomic studies focus on the impact of the bacteriome and mycobiome on respiratory diseases. Reports on the virome characteristics of pediatric pneumonia remain relatively scarce.

Mycobacterial Biofilm: Mechanisms, Clinical Problems, and Treatments.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a threat to human health worldwide. (Mtb) and other nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can form biofilms, and in vitro and animal experiments have shown that biofilms cause serious drug resistance and mycobacterial persistence. Deeper investigations into the mechanisms of mycobacterial biofilm formation and, consequently, the exploration of appropriate antibiofilm treatments to improve the efficiency of current anti-TB drugs will be useful for curing TB.

Overexpression of histone demethylase gene SlJMJ18 and SlJMJ23 from tomato confers cadmium tolerance by regulating metal transport and hormone content in Arabidopsis.

A lower concentration of cadmium (Cd), a hazardous and non-essential element for plant growth, will have deleterious effects on plants and endanger human health. Histone demethylase (JHDM) is important for plants' ability to withstand abiotic stress, according to an increasing number of studies. The degree of expression of the SlJMJ18 and SlJMJ23 genes in different tomato tissues was confirmed by this study.

Development, validation and application of a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of OPC-61815 and its metabolites tolvaptan, DM-4103 and DM-4107 in human plasma.

OPC-61815 is an intravenous formulation vasopressin antagonist designed to treat heart failure patients, especially who have difficulty in oral intake. Tolvaptan together with DM-4103 and DM-4107 are considered as the major metabolites of OPC-61815 biotransformed in the liver via cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A. An efficient and robust ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for quantification of OPC-61815 and its three metabolites in human plasma was developed and fully validated.

PE_PGRS38 Enhances Intracellular Survival of Mycobacteria by Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB-Dependent Inflammation and Apoptosis of the Host.

(Mtb) ranks as the most lethal human pathogen, able to fend off repeated attacks by the immune system or medications. PE_PGRS proteins are hallmarks of the pathogenicity of Mtb and contribute to its antigenic diversity, virulence, and persistence during infection. is a nonpathogenic mycobacterium that naturally lacks PE_PGRS and is used as a model to express Mtb proteins.

Effects of chronic exposure to a high fat diet, nutritive or non-nutritive sweeteners on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and -gonadal (HPG) axes of male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Purpose: Diet-related factors are of great significance in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to a high fat diet (HFD), fructose or sucralose on the endocrine functions.

Methods: Male, Sprague-Dawley rats received a normal chow diet, HFD, 10% fructose or 0.

Dopamine promotes proliferation and inflammatory response in the presence of macrophages.

Background: Dopamine, a frequently used therapeutic agent for critically ill patients, has been shown to be implicated in clinical infections recently, however, the precise mechanisms underlying this association remain elusive. , a novel strain belonging to the species, exhibits potential pathogenic attributes. The impact of dopamine on infection has aroused our interest.

Integrative metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the potential of gut microbiota to exacerbate acute pancreatitis.

Early dysbiosis in the gut microbiota may contribute to the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP), however, a comprehensive understanding of the gut microbiome, potential pathobionts, and host metabolome in individuals with AP remains elusive. Hence, we employed fecal whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing in 82 AP patients and 115 matched healthy controls, complemented by untargeted serum metabolome and lipidome profiling in a subset of participants. Analyses of the gut microbiome in AP patients revealed reduced diversity, disrupted microbial functions, and altered abundance of 77 species, influenced by both etiology and severity.

Diosmetin Ameliorates HFD-induced Cognitive Impairments via Inhibiting Metabolic Disorders, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Male SD Rats.

Currently, accumulating evidence has indicated that overnutrition-associated obesity may result in not only metabolic dysregulations, but also cognitive impairments. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Diosmetin, a bioflavonoid compound with multiple biological functions, on cognitive deficits induced by a high fat diet (HFD) and the potential mechanisms. In the present study, oral administration of Diosmetin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) for 12 weeks significantly reduced the body weight, restored glucose tolerance and normalized lipid profiles in the serum and liver in HFD-induced obese rats.

Prediction of Effectiveness and Toxicities of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Using Real-World Patient Data.

Purpose: Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved outcomes in certain patients with cancer, they can also cause life-threatening immunotoxicities. Predicting immunotoxicity risks alongside response could provide a personalized risk-benefit profile, inform therapeutic decision making, and improve clinical trial cohort selection. We aimed to build a machine learning (ML) framework using routine electronic health record (EHR) data to predict hepatitis, colitis, pneumonitis, and 1-year overall survival.

Cellulase Promotes Mycobacterial Biofilm Dispersal in Response to a Decrease in the Bacterial Metabolite Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid.

Biofilm dispersal contributes to bacterial spread and disease transmission. However, its exact mechanism, especially that in the pathogen , is unclear. In this study, the cellulase activity of the Rv0062 protein was characterized, and its effect on mycobacterial biofilm dispersal was analyzed by observation of the structure and components of Rv0062-treated biofilm in vitro.

Apigenin analogs as α-glucosidase inhibitors with antidiabetic activity.

This study investigated the inhibitory potential of a series of synthesized compounds (L1-L27) on α-glucosidase. Among them, compound L22 showed significant inhibitory effect. Through enzymatic kinetics studies, we demonstrated that L22 acts via a non-competitive inhibition mode with a K value of 2.

Formononetin ameliorates isoproterenol induced cardiac fibrosis through improving mitochondrial dysfunction.

Formononetin, an isoflavone compound, has been extensively researched due to its various biological activities, including a potent protective effect on the cardiovascular system. However, the impact of formononetin on cardiac fibrosis has not been investigated. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were used to establish cardiac fibrosis animal models by subcutaneous injecting of isoproterenol (ISO) and formononetin was orally administrated.

Rv1987 protein attenuates inflammatory response and consequently alters microbiota in mouse lung.

Introduction: Healthy lung microbiota plays an important role in preventing (Mtb) infections by activating immune cells and stimulating production of T-helper cell type 1 cytokines. The dynamic stability of lung microbiota relies mostly on lung homeostasis. In our previous studies, we found that Mtb virulence factor, Rv1987 protein, can mediate host immune response and enhance mycobacterial survival in host lung.

Development of a rapid simultaneous assay of two urinary tetrasaccharide metabolites using differential ion mobility and tandem mass spectrometry and its application to patients with glycogen storage disease (type Ib and II).

Glucose tetrasaccharide (Glc) and maltotetraose (M) are important biomarkers for Pompe disease and other glycogen storage diseases (GSDs). With the development of new treatments for GSDs, more specific and sensitive bioanalytical methods are needed to determine biomarkers. In recent years, differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) has become an effective analytical technique with high selectivity and specificity.

Comparative study of the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of trimethoprim in silky fowls and 817 broilers after single oral administration.

A comparative study was performed to investigate the differences in plasma pharmacokinetics (PKs) and tissue residues of trimethoprim (TMP) between silky fowls and 817 broilers. The 2 breeds of chickens received compound sulfadiazine suspension by gavage at 20 mg/kg (measured as TMP). Blood and tissue samples were collected at predetermined time points.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1324 Protein Contributes to Mycobacterial Persistence and Causes Pathological Lung Injury in Mice by Inducing Ferroptosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the pathogenic agent of tuberculosis (TB). Intracellular survival plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Mtb, a process that depends on an array of virulence factors for Mtb to colonize and proliferate within a host. Reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS and ROS) are among the most effective antimycobacterial molecules generated by the host during infection.