Protective effects of ferulic acid on embryonic development by improving antioxidant function in broilers embryo of thermal manipulation.

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of broiler embryos soaked in ferulic acid (FA) solution on alleviating the negative impact of thermal manipulation (TM) on chicken embryo development and to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for applying TM and FA in the poultry feeding industry. A total of 120 broiler fertilized eggs were randomly divided into three groups: control group, TM group, and comprehensive group (TM + FA), with 40 eggs in each group. The TM group and the comprehensive group from the 7th embryonic age to the 16th embryonic age received TM for ten days, treated with a temperature of 39.

Comparative study on the gene expression of corticosterone metabolic enzymes in embryonic tissues between Tibetan and broiler chickens.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are an essential mediator hormone that can regulate animal growth, behavior, the phenotype of offspring, and so on, while GCs in poultry are predominantly corticosterones. The biological activity of GCs is mainly regulated by the intracellular metabolic enzymes, including 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases 1 (11β-HSD1), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases 2 (11β-HSD2), and 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20-HSD). To investigate the embryonic mechanisms of phenotypic differences between breeds, we compared the expression of corticosterone metabolic enzyme genes in the yolk-sac membrane and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM).

Cloning and Expression Analysis of and in the Testes of Mature Yaks and Their Sterile Hybrids.

The objective of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of male sterility in yak hybrids based on and . Total RNA was extracted from the testes of adult yaks ( = 11) and sterile cattle-yaks ( = 11) followed by reverse transcription. The coding sequence (CDS) of yak and were obtained by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene cloning.

Comparative Proteomics Study of Yak Milk from Standard and Naturally Extended Lactation Using iTRAQ Technique.

Extended lactation is a common phenomenon in lactating yaks under grazing and natural reproduction conditions. To elucidate differences in milk protein compositions and mammary gland functions between yaks of standard lactation (TL yaks) and prolonged lactation (HL yaks), whole milk samples of TL yaks and HL yaks ( = 15 each) were collected from a yak pasture at the northwest highland of China. The iTRAQ technique was used to compare the skim milk proteins in the two yak groups.

Polycomb proteins control floral determinacy by H3K27me3-mediated repression of pluripotency genes in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Polycomb group (PcG) protein-mediated histone methylation (H3K27me3) controls the correct spatiotemporal expression of numerous developmental regulators in Arabidopsis. Epigenetic silencing of the stem cell factor gene WUSCHEL (WUS) in floral meristems (FMs) depends on H3K27me3 deposition by PcG proteins. However, the role of H3K27me3 in silencing of other meristematic regulator and pluripotency genes during FM determinacy has not yet been studied.

Cloning and Expression Analysis of Two Kdm Lysine Demethylases in the Testes of Mature Yaks and Their Sterile Hybrids.

The objective of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism for male sterility of yak hybrids based on two demethylases. Total RNA was extracted from the testes of adult yaks ( = 10) and yak hybrids (cattle-yaks, = 10). The coding sequences (CDS) of two lysine demethylases (KDMs), KDM1A and KDM4B, were cloned by RT-PCR.

Ectopic expression of the transcription factor CUC2 restricts growth by cell cycle inhibition in leaves.

Plant leaf margins produce small outgrowths or teeth causing serration in a regular arrangement, which is specified by auxin maxima. In , the spatiotemporal pattern of auxin dependents on both, the transcription factor CUC2 and the signal peptide EPFL2, a ligand of the growth-promoting receptor kinase ERECTA (ER). Ectopic expression of can have contrary effects on leaf growth.

Comparison of the sequences and expression levels of genes related to follicular development and atresia between prolific and nonprolific goat breeds.

This study investigated the variations of the nucleotide sequences and ovarian expression levels of genes related to follicular development and atresia in prolific Jintang black goats and nonprolific Tibetan goats. Eight genes, FSHB, LHB, FSHR, LHCGR, ESR2, B4GANT2, BCL2 and BAX, were examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the LHB and BAX genes were not different, but there was one base change in the FSHR genes between the two breeds.

Expression profiles of myostatin, myogenin, and Myosin heavy chain in skeletal muscles of two rabbit breeds differing in growth rate.

The purpose of the present study was to compare mRNA levels of myostatin (MSTN), myogenin (MyoG), and fiber type compositions in terms of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) in skeletal muscles of two rabbit breeds with different body sizes and growth rates. Longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris muscles of 16 Californian rabbits (CW) and 16 Germany great line of ZIKA rabbits (GZ) were collected at the ages of 35d and 84d (slaughter age). The results showed that the live weights of GZ rabbits of 35d and 84d old were approximately 36% and 26% greater than those of CW rabbits, respectively.

Cloning and polymorphisms of yak lactate dehydrogenase B gene.

The main objective of this work was to study the unique polymorphisms of the lactate dehydrogenase-1 (LDH1) gene in yak (Bos grunniens). Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed three phenotypes of LDH1 (a tetramer of H subunit) in yak heart and longissimus muscle extracts. The corresponding gene, ldhb, encoding H subunits of three LDH1 phenotypes was obtained by RT-PCR.

Purification and properties of a monomeric lactate dehydrogenase from yak Hypoderma sinense larva.

The objective of the present study was to study the characteristics of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from Hypoderma sinense larva. H. sinense larvae were collected from yak (Bos grunniens) and identified by a PCR-RFLP method.

Prokaryotic expression and immunogenicity analysis of yak recombinant myostatin.

Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. The objective of the present study was to express yak (Bos grunniens) recombinant MSTN protein in E. coli and study its characteristics of immunogenicity.

Alternative splicing of testis-specific lactate dehydrogenase C gene in mammals and pigeon.

The objective of the present study was to confirm the widespread existence of alternative splicing of lactate dehydrogenase c (ldhc) gene in mammals. RT-PCR was employed to amplify cDNAs of ldhc from testes of mammals including pig, dog, rabbit, cat, rat, and mouse, as well as pigeon. Two to six kinds of splice variants of ldhc were observed in the seven species as a result of deletion of one or more exons or insertion of partial sequence of an intron in the mature mRNA.

High-altitude adaptation of yak based on genetic variants and activity of lactate dehydrogenase-1.

This study investigates the molecular mechanism by which yaks (Bos grunniens) adapt to hypoxia based on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Three LDH1 variants of the yak were revealed in tissue extracts by electrophoresis, including LDH1-F, LDH1-M, and LDH1-S. Kinetic analysis using purified LDH1 variants showed that the yak LDH1-M variant exhibited a similar K (m) (NADH) and the same mobility on a gel as bovine LDH1, and the LDH1-F variant showed significant differences in K (m) values for NADH or pyruvate from the other two variants of yak LDH1 and bovine LDH1.

Analysis of Yak MUC1 Protein Polymorphisms and the Corresponding VNTR Structure.

The genotypes and protein polymorphisms of milk epithelial mucin (MUC1) were analyzed by touch-down PCR and SDS-PAGE respectively using blood samples and milk collected from 50 lactating yaks. A total of seven alleles were revealed, namely A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, and the corresponding number of repetitive units of variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in MUC1 gene were 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, and 15, respectively. Fifteen genotypes of MUC1 were observed in yaks.

Identification of yak lactate dehydrogenase B gene variants by gene cloning.

Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that two types of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) existed in yaks. Based on the electrophoresis characteristics of LDH isoenzymes, yak LDH variants were speculated to be the gene mutation on H subunit encoded by B gene. According to the mobility in electrophoresis, the fast-band LDH type was named LDH-Hf and the slow-band LDH type LDH-Hs.

Yak lactate dehydgogenase A4: purification, properties, and cDNA cloning.

Lactate dehydrogenase A4 (LDH-A4) was purified for yak skeletal muscle. Michaelis constant (Km) analysis showed that yak LDH-A4 for pyruvate was significantly higher than that of cattle. cDNA cloning of LDH-A revealed two amino acid substitutions between yak and cattle.

Cloning and sequence analysis of multiple splice variants of lactate dehydrogenase C in yak testes.

Lactate dehydrogenase C (LDH-C) has been reported to play a role in the energy metabolism of mammal spermatozoa. However, the functions and expression patterns of LDH-C still remain unclear. In order to elucidate the functions and expression patterns of LDH-C, we cloned the cDNA of yak LDH-C.

Bovine glucose transporter GLUT8: cloning, expression, and developmental regulation in mammary gland.

GLUT8 is a newly identified member of the facilitative glucose transporter family, which characteristically exhibits high-affinity glucose transport activity. The expression of GLUT8 has been shown to depend on gonadotropin secretion in human testes and to be regulated by insulin in the blastocyst. To characterize GLUT8 and investigate its role in normal mammary gland function, we cloned and sequenced the full-length cDNA of bovine GLUT8.

Cloning, genomic organization, expression, and effect on beta-casein promoter activity of a novel isoform of the mouse Oct-1 transcription factor.

The ubiquitously expressed transcription factor Oct-1, a member of the POU domain factors, is involved in the regulation of expression of many tissue-specific and house-keeping genes. Multiple alternatively spliced isoforms of Oct-1 have been identified in human and mouse cells. The expression patterns of these isoforms and the analysis of their genomic organization and structure have suggested that the structural variation of Oct-1 isoforms may be important in conferring target and tissue specificity to its transcriptional activity.