Label free, capillary-scale blood flow mapping in vivo reveals that low-intensity focused ultrasound evokes persistent dilation in cortical microvasculature.

Non-invasive, low intensity focused ultrasound is an emerging neuromodulation technique that offers the potential for precision, personalized therapy. An increasing body of research has identified mechanosensitive ion channels that can be modulated by FUS and support acute electrical activity in neurons. However, neuromodulatory effects that persist from hours to days have also been reported.

Age, frequency, and strategy optimization for organized colorectal cancer screening: a decision analysis conducted in China for the years 2023-2038.

Background: The colorectal cancer mortality rate in China has exceeded that in many developing countries and is expected to further increase owing to multiple factors, including the aging population. However, the optimal policy for colorectal cancer screening is unknown.

Methods: We synthesized the most up-to-date data using a 12-state Markov model populated with a cohort of Chinese men and women born during 1949-1988, and evaluated 16 conventional and 40 risk-tailored schemes for colorectal cancer screening, considering possible combinations of age (starting at 40 + years and ending at 75 years), frequency, and strategy (standard colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical testing with colonoscopy if positive, or risk-tailored).

Evaluating chemical effects on human neural cells through calcium imaging and deep learning.

New substances intended for human consumption must undergo extensive preclinical safety pharmacology testing prior to approval. These tests encompass the evaluation of effects on the central nervous system, which is highly sensitive to chemical substances. With the growing understanding of the species-specific characteristics of human neural cells and advancements in machine learning technology, the development of effective and efficient methods for the initial screening of chemical effects on human neural function using machine learning platforms is anticipated.

Noninvasive optical monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics in a preclinical model of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage.

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a common complication in premature infants and is associated with white matter injury and long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities. Standard diagnostic tools such as cranial ultrasound and MRI are widely used in both preclinical drug development and clinical practice to detect IVH. However, these methods only provide endpoint assessments of blood accumulation and lack real-time information about dynamic changes in ventricular blood flow.

Label free, capillary-scale blood flow mapping reveals that low intensity focused ultrasound evokes persistent dilation in cortical microvasculature.

Non-invasive, low intensity focused ultrasound (FUS) is an emerging neuromodulation technique that offers the potential for precision, personalized therapy. An increasing body of research has identified mechanosensitive ion channels that can be modulated by FUS and support acute electrical activity in neurons. However, neuromodulatory effects that persist from hours to days have also been reported.

Prediction of complications associated with general surgery using a Bayesian network.

Background: Numerous attempts have been made to identify risk factors for surgery complications, but few studies have identified accurate methods of predicting complex outcomes involving multiple complications.

Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study of general surgical inpatients who attended 4 regionally representative hospitals in China from January to June 2015 and January to June 2016. The risk factors were identified using logistic regression.

Network prediction of surgical complication clusters: a prospective multicenter cohort study.

Complicated relationships exist in both occurrence and progression of surgical complications, which are difficult to account for using a separate quantitative method such as prediction or grading. Data of 51,030 surgical inpatients were collected from four academic/teaching hospitals in a prospective cohort study in China. The relationship between preoperative factors, 22 common complications, and death was analyzed.

Construction and evaluation of networks among multiple postoperative complications.

Background And Objective: Postoperative complications confer an increased risk of reoperation, prolonged length of hospital stay, and increased mortality. Many studies have attempted to identify the complex associations among complications to preemptively interrupt their progression, but few studies have looked at complications as a whole to reveal and quantify their possible trajectories of progression. The main objective of this study was to construct and quantify the association network among multiple postoperative complications from a comprehensive perspective to elucidate the possible evolution trajectories.

Smoking-related cancer death among men and women in an ageing society (China 2020-2040): a population-based modelling study.

Background: China is experiencing a postpeak smoking epidemic with accelerating population ageing. Understanding the impacts of these factors on the future cancer burden has widespread implications.

Methods: We developed predictive models to estimate smoking-related cancer deaths among men and women aged ≥35 years in China during 2020-2040.

Fatigue correlates with sleep disturbances in Parkinson disease.

Background: Many Parkinson disease (PD) patients complain about chronic fatigue and sleep disturbances during the night. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between fatigue and sleep disturbances by using polysomnography (PSG) in PD patients.

Methods: Two hundred and thirty-two PD patients (152 with mild fatigue and 80 with severe fatigue) were recruited in this study.

Predictions of mortality related to four major cancers in China, 2020 to 2030.

Background: Cancer has become a global health problem, and assessments of cancer mortality are important for effective public health policy-making and adequate resource allocation. In this study, we aimed to predict the mortality rates and numbers of deaths related to four common cancers (lung, liver, stomach, and esophagus) in China from 2020 to 2030 and to estimate the corresponding cancer burden caused by population aging and tobacco smoking.

Methods: Cancer mortality data (2004-2017) were extracted from China's death surveillance datasets, and China's population figures (2020-2030) were obtained from the United Nations population projections.

Population-based projections of blood supply and demand, China, 2017-2036.

Objective: To estimate the long-term effect of the changing demography in China on blood supply and demand.

Methods: We developed a predictive model to estimate blood supply and demand during 2017-2036 in mainland China and in 31 province-level regions. Model parameters were obtained from World Population Prospects, , and records from a large tertiary hospital.