Publications by authors named "Yu-xiao Jiang"

Transition metal dichalcogenides display a high technological potential due to their wide range of electronic ground states. Here, we unveil that by tuning hydrostatic pressure P, a cascade of electronic phase transitions can be induced in the few-layer transition metal dichalcogenide 1T'-WS. As P increases, we observe the suppression of superconductivity with the concomitant emergence of an anomalous Hall effect (AHE) at GPa.

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The interplay of topology, magnetism, and correlations gives rise to intriguing phases of matter. In this study, through state-of-the-art angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, density functional theory, and dynamical mean-field theory calculations, we visualize a fourfold degenerate Dirac nodal line at the boundary of the bulk Brillouin zone in the antiferromagnet YMnGe. We further demonstrate that this gapless, antiferromagnetic Dirac nodal line is enforced by the combination of magnetism, space-time inversion symmetry, and nonsymmorphic lattice symmetry.

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  • - The study observes a new type of order, called intra-unit-cell nematic order, in the kagome metal ScVSn, which breaks the crystal's rotational symmetry.
  • - Using advanced scanning techniques, researchers found stripe-like patterns and specific electron behavior that demonstrate this symmetry breaking and the deformation of the Fermi surface.
  • - This research connects the concepts of electronic nematicity with kagome physics, offering insights into how symmetry-broken phases can emerge in materials with correlated electrons.
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  • Topology and interactions are key concepts in understanding quantum matter, leading to three main research directions: competition between interactions, interplay of interactions with topology, and resulting novel phases from combined topological orders.
  • This study reveals a unique 'hybrid' topological phase in arsenic using advanced techniques, demonstrating both strong and higher-order topology through specific surface features.
  • The findings suggest potential for exploring and utilizing different band topologies and their conduction properties in future quantum or nano-devices.
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Kagome magnets provide a fascinating platform for a plethora of topological quantum phenomena, in which the delicate interplay between frustrated crystal structure, magnetization, and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) can engender highly tunable topological states. Here, utilizing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, the Weyl lines are directly visualized with strong out-of-plane dispersion in the A-A stacked kagome magnet GdMn Sn . Remarkably, the Weyl lines exhibit a strong magnetization-direction-tunable SOC gap and binding energy tunability after substituting Gd with Tb and Li, respectively.

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Kagome materials often host exotic quantum phases, including spin liquids, Chern gap, charge density wave, and superconductivity. Existing scanning microscopy studies of the kagome charge order have been limited to nonkagome surface layers. Here, we tunnel into the kagome lattice of FeGe to uncover features of the charge order.

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The electronic instabilities in CsVSb are believed to originate from the V 3d-electrons on the kagome plane, however the role of Sb 5p-electrons for 3-dimensional orders is largely unexplored. Here, using resonant tender X-ray scattering and high-pressure X-ray scattering, we report a rare realization of conjoined charge density waves (CDWs) in CsVSb, where a 2 × 2 × 1 CDW in the kagome sublattice and a Sb 5p-electron assisted 2 × 2 × 2 CDW coexist. At ambient pressure, we discover a resonant enhancement on Sb L-edge (2s→5p) at the 2 × 2 × 2 CDW wavevectors.

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A hallmark of strongly correlated quantum materials is the rich phase diagram resulting from competing and intertwined phases with nearly degenerate ground-state energies. A well-known example is the copper oxides, in which a charge density wave (CDW) is ordered well above and strongly coupled to the magnetic order to form spin-charge-separated stripes that compete with superconductivity. Recently, such rich phase diagrams have also been shown in correlated topological materials.

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Room-temperature realization of macroscopic quantum phases is one of the major pursuits in fundamental physics. The quantum spin Hall phase is a topological quantum phase that features a two-dimensional insulating bulk and a helical edge state. Here we use vector magnetic field and variable temperature based scanning tunnelling microscopy to provide micro-spectroscopic evidence for a room-temperature quantum spin Hall edge state on the surface of the higher-order topological insulator BiBr.

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Intertwining quantum order and non-trivial topology is at the frontier of condensed matter physics. A charge-density-wave-like order with orbital currents has been proposed for achieving the quantum anomalous Hall effect in topological materials and for the hidden phase in cuprate high-temperature superconductors. However, the experimental realization of such an order is challenging.

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Objective: Phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a critical role in atherosclerosis, vascular restenosis, and hypertension. Choline exerts cardioprotective effects; however, little is known about its effects on VSMC phenotypic switching and vascular remodeling. Here, we investigated whether choline modulates VSMC phenotypic changes and explored the underlying mechanisms.

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  • Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to heart changes caused by obesity, where cristae (the inner folds of mitochondria) play a key role in cell energy production.
  • The study found that palmitate caused alterations in the structure of cristae in heart cells from neonatal rats, leading to increased cell size and damaged mitochondrial function.
  • Acetylcholine (ACh) was shown to protect against these changes by enhancing mitofilin levels and activating AMPK, which helps maintain mitochondrial integrity and prevents heart cell enlargement caused by palmitate.
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  • * A study showed that diabetic mice experienced greater heart damage when exposed to isoproterenol, a drug that simulates stress, highlighting their vulnerability compared to normal mice.
  • * Pyridostigmine was found to enhance vagal activity and positively influence glucose transporter and enzyme expression, potentially protecting against heart damage in diabetic mice by targeting specific cellular pathways.
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Obesity is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which can lead to a variety of cardiovascular diseases including myocardial remodeling. Obesity may induce myocardial dysfunction by affecting hemodynamics, inducing autonomic imbalance, adipose tissue dysfunction, and mitochondrial dyshomeostasis. The key necessary biochemical functions for metabolic homeostasis are performed in mitochondria, and mitochondrial homeostasis is considered as one of the key determinants for cell viability.

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Aims: Obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is accompanied by augmented O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of proteins via increasing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) flux. However, the changes and regulation of the O-GlcNAc levels induced by obesity are unclear.

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  • Insulin resistance and autonomic imbalance contribute to cardiac remodeling in metabolic syndrome, leading to issues like impaired insulin signaling and lipid metabolism.
  • A study found that a high-fat diet causes irregular mitochondrial cristae structure in the heart, decreasing ATP production and increasing oxidative stress, which worsens cardiac function.
  • Pyridostigmine (PYR) improves autonomic balance and mitochondrial health by enhancing vagal activity, improving mitochondrial cristae shape, and ultimately protecting against cardiac dysfunction and insulin resistance caused by a high-fat diet.
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Aims: Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by a shift in metabolic substrate utilization, but the molecular events underlying the metabolic remodelling remain poorly understood. We explored metabolic remodelling and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac hypertrophy and investigated the cardioprotective effects of choline.

Methods And Results: The experiments were conducted using a model of ventricular hypertrophy by partially banding the abdominal aorta of Sprague Dawley rats.

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Along with an unexpected conducting interface between nonmagnetic insulating perovskites LaAlO and SrTiO (LaAlO/SrTiO), striking interfacial magnetisms have been observed in LaAlO/SrTiO heterostructures. Interestingly, the strength of the interfacial magnetic moment is found to be dependent on oxygen partial pressures during the growth process. This raises an important, fundamental question on the origin of these remarkable interfacial magnetic orderings.

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  • - Obesity leads to cardiovascular issues due to a shift in autonomic balance, marked by increased sympathetic activity and decreased vagal activity, which is crucial for heart function and weight management.
  • - This study tested the drug pyridostigmine on rats consuming a high-fat diet, revealing that it helps restore vagal function, reduces lipid buildup in the heart, and improves cardiac health.
  • - Pyridostigmine also promotes the browning of white adipose tissue and activates brown fat through the SIRT-1/AMPK/PGC-1α pathway, highlighting its potential benefits in obesity-related cardiac dysfunction.
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  • Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a serious cardiovascular condition where mitochondria play a critical role in managing cell energy and signaling.
  • Mitochondrial health is maintained through processes like fission, fusion, and mitophagy, which are essential for proper cardiac function.
  • The review explores how disruptions in these mitochondrial processes are linked to ischemic heart conditions and discusses the potential protective effects of the vagal nerve on mitochondrial function.
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  • * A study investigated the effect of the α7nAChR agonist PNU282987 on isoproterenol-induced cardiac remodelling in mice, measuring cardiomyocyte size, fibrosis, and cardiac function.
  • * Results showed that PNU282987 reduced signs of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by inhibiting specific proteins involved in the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway, suggesting it could be a potential treatment for various cardiovascular diseases.
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  • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms important junctions with the plasma membrane (PM) that are crucial for calcium signaling during various cellular processes, such as bioenergetics, apoptosis, and autophagy.
  • This study investigates the effects of acetylcholine on the NCX1-TRPC3-IP3R1 complex, which helps regulate calcium levels during inflammatory injury, and finds that acetylcholine can inhibit the formation of this complex and maintain calcium homeostasis.
  • The research reveals that the beneficial effects of acetylcholine in protecting endothelial cells from injury related to TNF-α are mediated through the muscarinic 3 receptor/AMPK pathway, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent against calcium
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Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with autonomic imbalance, characterized by enhanced sympathetic activity and withdrawal of parasympathetic control. Increased parasympathetic function improves ventricular performance. However, whether pyridostigmine, a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, can offset cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload remains unclear.

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Calcium overload is one of the important mechanisms of cardiovascular disease. Endoplasmic reticulum is an important organelle which regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis by uptake, storage and mobilization of calcium. So it plays a critical role in regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis.

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  • - This study investigates how vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) protects against heart damage caused by isoproterenol (ISO) in rats by focusing on mitochondrial dynamics—specifically fission and fusion processes.
  • - Isoproterenol caused increased levels of proteins leading to mitochondrial fission and decreased fusion proteins, resulting in disrupted mitochondrial function and cardiac injury, while VNS restored balance and improved mitochondrial health.
  • - The protective effects of VNS were linked to the activation of a specific signaling pathway (M3 receptor/CaMKKβ/AMPK), suggesting that targeting mitochondrial dynamics could offer a new treatment approach for ischemic heart disease (IHD).
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