Macrophage-derived VEGF-C reduces cardiac inflammation and prevents heart dysfunction in CVB3-induced viral myocarditis via remodeling cardiac lymphatic vessels.

Background: Cardiac lymphatic vessels are important channels for cardiac fluid circulation and immune regulation. In myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure, promoting cardiac lymphangiogenesis is beneficial in reducing cardiac edema and inflammation. However, the specific involvement of cardiac lymphangiogenesis in viral myocarditis (VMC) has not been studied.

Causal association between mitochondrial function and psychiatric disorders: Insights from a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Previous observational studies have suggested that there appears to be a close association between mitochondrial function and psychiatric disorders, but whether a causal role exists remains unclear.

Methods: We extracted genetic instruments for 67 mitochondrial-related proteins and 10 psychiatric disorders from publicly available genome-wide association studies, and employed five distinct MR methods and false discovery rate correction to detect causal associations between them. Additionally, we conducted a series of sensitivity tests and additional model analysis to ensure the robustness of the results.

GLT-1 downregulation in hippocampal astrocytes induced by type 2 diabetes contributes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in adult mice.

Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to an increased risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), which may be caused by neuronal hyperexcitability. Astrocyte glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) plays a crucial role in regulating neuron excitability. We investigated if T2DM would magnify the increased neuronal excitability induced by anesthesia/surgery (A/S) and lead to POCD in young adult mice, and if so, determined whether these effects were associated with GLT-1 expression.

Role of the circRNA_34414/miR-6960a-5p/SIRT3 axis in postoperative delirium via CA1 Vglut1+ neurons in older mice.

Aims: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common neurological complication in elderly patients after anesthesia/surgery. The main purpose of this study is to explore the effect of circRNA-targeted miRNA regulating SIRT3 on mitochondrial function through ceRNA mechanism under the surgical model of tibial fracture and to further explore the potential mechanism of postoperative delirium mediated by circRNA, so as to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and prevention of POD.

Methods: The surgical model of tibial fracture under sevoflurane anesthesia caused acute delirium-like behavior in elderly mice.

Identifying therapeutic targets for breast cancer: insights from systematic Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) exhibits a high incidence rate, imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Novel drug targets are urgently needed for BC. Mendelian randomization (MR) has gained widespread application for identifying fresh therapeutic targets.

Regulating the activity of GABAergic neurons in the ventral pallidum alters the general anesthesia effect of propofol.

The full mechanism of action of propofol, a commonly administered intravenous anesthetic drug in clinical practice, remains elusive. The focus of this study was the role of GABAergic neurons which are the main neuron group in the ventral pallidum (VP) closely associated with anesthetic effects in propofol anesthesia. The activity of VP GABAergic neurons following propofol anesthesia in Vgat-Cre mice was observed via detecting c-Fos immunoreactivity by immunofluorescence and western blotting.

BLA-involved circuits in neuropsychiatric disorders.

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is the subregion of the amygdala located in the medial of the temporal lobe, which is connected with a wide range of brain regions to achieve diverse functions. Recently, an increasing number of studies have focused on the participation of the BLA in many neuropsychiatric disorders from the neural circuit perspective, aided by the rapid development of viral tracing methods and increasingly specific neural modulation technologies. However, how to translate this circuit-level preclinical intervention into clinical treatment using noninvasive or minor invasive manipulations to benefit patients struggling with neuropsychiatric disorders is still an inevitable question to be considered.

Impaired synaptic plasticity and decreased glutamatergic neuron excitability induced by SIRT1/BDNF downregulation in the hippocampal CA1 region are involved in postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication after anesthesia/surgery, especially among elderly patients, and poses a significant threat to their postoperative quality of life and overall well-being. While it is widely accepted that elderly patients may experience POCD following anesthesia/surgery, the exact mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. Several studies have indicated that the interaction between silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is crucial in controlling cognitive function and is strongly linked to neurodegenerative disorders.

Repeated Ketamine Anesthesia during the Neonatal Period Impairs Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Long-Term Neurocognitive Function by Inhibiting Mfn2-Mediated Mitochondrial Fusion in Neural Stem Cells.

The mechanism of ketamine-induced neurotoxicity development remains elusive. Mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics play a critical role in regulating neurogenesis. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate whether mitochondrial dynamics were involved in ketamine-induced impairment of neurogenesis in neonatal rats and long-term synaptic plasticity dysfunction.

The role of epigenetic modification in postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

With the ageing of the population, the health problems of elderly individuals have become particularly important. Through a large number of clinical studies and trials, it has been confirmed that elderly patients can experience postoperative cognitive dysfunction after general anesthesia/surgery. However, the mechanism of postoperative cognitive dysfunction is still unknown.

The passive diffusion improvement of Vitamin B intestinal absorption by Gelucire that fit for commercialized production.

Vitamin B (VB) is a vital micronutrient to maintain the normal state of the hematopoietic system. It must be obtained from the diet since the human body cannot synthesize it. Moreover, the absorption of VB needs to be mediated by intrinsic factor on the gastrointestinal (GI) track.

Childhood psychological maltreatment and internet gaming addiction in Chinese adolescents: Mediation roles of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and psychosocial problems.

Background: Internet gaming addiction (IGA) is a global concern, especially among young children. There have been some suggestions that childhood psychological maltreatment influences the development of IGA, but evidence for this has thus far been lacking.

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the association between childhood psychological maltreatment and IGA in adolescents and the mediation roles of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and psychosocial problems (depression and social anxiety).

The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Neurotoxicity Induced by Neonatal General Anesthesia.

It has been widely demonstrated by numerous preclinical studies and clinical trials that the neonates receiving repeated or long-time general anesthesia (GA) could develop prolonged cognitive dysfunction. However, the definite mechanism remains largely unknown. Epigenetics, which is defined as heritable alterations in gene expression that are not a result of alteration of DNA sequence, includes DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and RNA methylation.

Preoperative laser reduces silicone oil use in primary diabetic vitrectomy.

Aim: To identify the predictive factors and laser photocoagulation associated with the use of silicone oil as endotamponade during primary diabetic vitrectomy.

Methods: The medical and surgical records of 690 patients (798 eyes) who underwent primary diabetic vitrectomy at a tertiary eye hospital in China from January 2018 to December 2018 were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. The patients' baseline characteristics and preoperative treatments were recorded.

The Effect of SIRT3/Ac-SOD2 Mediated Oxidative Stress and HCN1 Channel Activity on Anesthesia/Surgery Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice.

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric diseases, and perioperative factors often increase the incidence of anxiety. However, the mechanism and treatment for perioperative anxiety, especially anesthesia/surgery-induced postoperative anxiety, are largely unknown. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) which located in the mitochondria is the NAD-dependent deacetylase protein.

Hippocampal SIRT1-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity and Glutamatergic Neuronal Excitability Are Involved in Prolonged Cognitive Dysfunction of Neonatal Rats Exposed to Propofol.

Neonates who receive repeated or prolonged general anesthesia before the age of 4 are at a significantly higher risk of developing cognitive dysfunction later in life. In this study, we investigated the effects of repeated neonatal propofol exposure on hippocampal synaptic plasticity, neuronal excitability, and cognitive function. Adeno-associated SIRT1 virus with CaMKIIɑ promotor and a viral vector carrying the photosensitive gene ChR2 with the CaMKIIɑ promotor, as well as their control vectors, were stereotaxically injected into the hippocampal CA1 region of postnatal day 5 (PND-5) rats.

Neonatal Anesthesia by Ketamine in Neonatal Rats Inhibits the Proliferation and Differentiation of Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells and Decreases Neurocognitive Function in Adulthood via Inhibition of the Notch1 Signaling Pathway.

The Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of neurogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the Notch signaling pathway was involved in the neurogenesis impairment and long-term neurocognitive dysfunction caused by neonatal exposure to ketamine. On postnatal day 7 (PND-7), male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were intraperitoneally injected with 40 mg/kg ketamine four consecutive times (40 mg/kg × 4) at 1-h intervals.

Downregulated SIRT1 in the CeA is involved in chronic pain-depression comorbidity.

Comorbid chronic pain and depression are increasingly becoming a concerning public problem, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that pain-related depression-like behaviors are induced in a rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI). Using this model, we found that chronic neuropathic pain decreased the activity and expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1, an NAD-dependent deacetylase) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA).