Hyperconjugation-Driven Isodesmic Reaction of Indoles and Anilines: Reaction Discovery, Mechanism Study, and Antitumor Application.

Isodesmic reactions, in which chemical bonds are redistributed between substrates and products, provide a general and powerful strategy for both biological and chemical synthesis. However, most isodesmic reactions involve either metathesis or functional-group transfer. Here, we serendipitously discovered a novel isodesmic reaction of indoles and anilines that proceeds intramolecularly under weakly acidic conditions.

Primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder: A case report.

Background: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the bladder is a rare non-urothelial tumor of the bladder. The treatment of LCNEC of the bladder is different from that of urothelial carcinoma (UC); therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is particularly important. As LCNEC of the bladder is rare and its clinical symptoms and radiographic features are similar to those of urothelial tumors, the clinical diagnosis of the disease remains challenging.

Effects of acupuncture on cartilage p38MAPK and mitochondrial pathways in animal model of knee osteoarthritis: A systematic evaluation and meta-analysis.

Background: Most previous studies on acupuncture in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) have focused on improving functional efficacy and safety, while related mechanisms have not been systematically reviewed. Acupuncture modulates cytokines to attenuate cartilage extracellular matrix degradation and apoptosis, key to the pathogenesis of KOA, but the mechanisms are complex.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of acupuncture quantitatively and summarily in animal studies of KOA.

Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of Three-Dimensional Guiding Templates and Free Hand Technique for Cervical Pedicle Screw Fixation: A Retrospective Study.

To compare the safety and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-assisted three-dimensional guiding templates (3DGTs) and free-hand (FH) technique for posterior cervical pedicle screw fixation in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) treatment. Thirty-five patients (216 screws) with CSM and developmental cervical stenosis were randomly divided into groups A (FH) and B (3DGTs). All patients underwent modified posterior surgery with cervical pedicle screw insertion (C1-7).

Removal of collagen three-dimensional scaffold bubbles utilizing a vacuum suction technique.

The process of generating type I/II collagen scaffolds is fraught with bubble formation, which can interfere with the three-dimensional structure of the scaffold. Herein, we applied low-temperature vacuum freeze-drying to remove mixed air bubbles under negative pressure. Type I and II rubber sponges were acid-solubilized via acid lysis and enzymolysis.

Negative pressure wound therapy, artificial skin and autogenous skin implantation in diabetic foot ulcers.

Objective: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most serious diabetic consequences, leading to amputations. Various therapies have been used to treat DFUs; however, a combination of negative pressure suction, artificial skin and autogenous skin implantation have never been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel three-step therapy protocol using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), artificial skin and autogenous skin implantation in patients with DFUs.

Tumor mutation burden associated with miRNA-gene interaction outcome mediates the survival of patients with liver hepatocellular carcinoma.

Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is associated with immunogenic responses and the survival of cancer patients. This study demonstrates how TMB levels impact the immune-related cells, genes, and miRNAs, and how miRNA/gene interactions respond to variations in the survival rate of patients with liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). LIHC patients were divided into two groups, either a low TMB (< median) or a high TMB (≥ median) group.

The effect of different cross-linking conditions of EDC/NHS on type II collagen scaffolds: an in vitro evaluation.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the properties of porcine cartilage type II collagen scaffolds crosslinked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxy-succinamide (EDC/NHS) under different conditions. The porous EDC/NHS-crosslinked scaffolds were obtained through a two-step freeze-drying process. To determine the optimal crosslinking condition, we used different solvents and various crosslinking temperatures to prepare the scaffolds.

CT imaging-based histogram features for prediction of EGFR mutation status of bone metastases in patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective: To identify imaging markers that reflect the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status by comparing computed tomography (CT) imaging-based histogram features between bone metastases with and without EGFR mutation in patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 57 patients, with pathologically confirmed bone metastasis of primary lung adenocarcinoma. EGFR mutation status of bone metastases was confirmed by gene detection.

Activation of GABA Receptor Suppresses Diabetic Neuropathic Pain through Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway in the Spinal Dorsal Horn.

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a prevalent complication in diabetes patients. Neuronal inflammation and activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are involved in the occurrence of DNP. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

SLIT2/ROBO1 axis contributes to the Warburg effect in osteosarcoma through activation of SRC/ERK/c-MYC/PFKFB2 pathway.

Cellular metabolic reprogramming is the main characteristic of cancer cells and identification of targets using this metabolic pattern is extremely important to treat cancers, such as osteosarcoma (OS). In this study, SLIT2 and ROBO1 were upregulated in OS, and higher expression of ROBO1 was associated with worse overall survival rate. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the SLIT2/ROBO1 axis promotes proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, and contributes to the Warburg effect in OS cells.

Human ASIC1a mediates stronger acid-induced responses as compared with mouse ASIC1a.

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are the major proton receptor in the brain and a key mediator of acidosis-induced neuronal injuries in disease. Most of published data on ASIC function came from studies performed in mice, and relatively little is known about potential differences between human and mouse ASICs (hASIC and mASIC, respectively). This information is critical for us to better interpret the functional importance of ASICs in human disease.

[Treatment of Pipkin type I and II femoral head fractures through modified Smith-Peterson approach and modified Hardinge approach-a case-control studies].

Objective: To compare clinical results of treatment of Pipkin type I and II femoral head fractures through modified Smith-Peterson(S-P) approach and modified Hardinge approach.

Methods: From July 2005 to July 2014, 42 patients with Pipkin type I and II femoral head fractures were treated with operation. A total of 23 patients in anterior group was treated with modified S-P approach including 17 males and 6 females with an average age of (29.

Differential expression of cytokeratin 14 and 18 in bladder cancer tumorigenesis.

It has been previously suggested that cytokeratins (CKs) are important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for urothelial lesions. Hence it is imperative to understand the expression pattern of cytokeratins during formation of papillary bladder cancer, which was the objective of the current study. Expression pattern of CK14 and CK18 were examined using immunohistochemical staining in a mice model of papillary bladder cancer.

miR-149 reduces while let-7 elevates ASIC1a expression in vitro.

Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is the key subunit that determines acid-activated currents in neurons. ASIC1a is important for neural plasticity, learning, and for multiple neurological diseases, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic injuries. These findings underline the importance for better defining mechanisms that regulate ASIC1a expression.

Upregulation of spinal NMDA receptors mediates hydrogen sulfide-induced hyperalgesia.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous neurotransmitter that importantly regulates various physiological and pathological events including pain signal transduction. In this study, we investigated the role of spinal NMDA receptors in the nociception induced by intraplantar injection of NaHS, an H2S donor. Intraplantar injection of NaHS into hindpaw significantly decreased the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) in contralateral hindpaw.

Emodin enhances the demethylation by 5-Aza-CdR of pancreatic cancer cell tumor-suppressor genes P16, RASSF1A and ppENK.

5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) is currently acknowledged as a demethylation drug, and causes a certain degree of demethylation in a variety of cancer cells, including pancreatic cancer cells. Emodin, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is an effective monomer extracted from rhubarb and has been reported to exhibit antitumor activity in different manners in pancreatic cancer. In the present study, we examined whether emodin caused demethylation and increased the demethylation of three tumor-suppressor genes P16, RASSF1A and ppENK with a high degree of methylation in pancreatic cancer when combined with 5-Aza-CdR.

ASIC subunit ratio and differential surface trafficking in the brain.

Background: Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are key mediators of acidosis-induced responses in neurons. However, little is known about the relative abundance of different ASIC subunits in the brain. Such data are fundamental for interpreting the relative contribution of ASIC1a homomers and 1a/2 heteromers to acid signaling, and essential for designing therapeutic interventions to target these channels.

Effects of emodin on the demethylation of tumor-suppressor genes in pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells.

Emodin, a natural anthraquinone derivative isolated from Rheum palmatum, has been reported to inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer cells through different modes of action; yet, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we hypothesized that emodin exerts its antitumor effect by participating in the regulation of the DNA methylation level. Our research showed that emodin inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

[Anatomical study on vertebral artety and its application in transpedicle screw fixation for upper cervical vetebrae].

Objective: To investigate the relationship of upper cervical pedicle and vertebral artery (VA) location in order to improve the safety of transpedicular screw insertion.

Methods: The vertebral arteries on 12 sides of 6 adult pate cadaverous specimens were dissected. The distance between VA and VA groove at the atlas needling point of transpedicle screw, and the distance between VA and the inner edge of axis cervical foramen, and the VA external diameter in axis cervical foramen were measured respectively.

[Performance evaluation of TP antibody detection by CLIA kits made (in China) domestically].

Objective: To analyze the clinical performance of TP antibody detection by CLIA kits and evaluate whether the CLIA kits made in China is suitable for clinical use.

Methods: 1200 samples were collected from Beijing Hospital including 300 samples with confirmed TP infection and 900 healthy control samples. To detect the TP antibody of the 1200 sanples separately by the CLIA kits and the ELISA kits at the same time.

Effects of interspinous spacers on lumbar degenerative disease.

The present study aimed to evaluate the early effects of interspinous spacers on lumbar degenerative disease. The clinical outcomes of 23 patients with lumbar degenerative disease, treated using interspinous spacer implantation alone or combined with posterior lumbar fusion, were retrospectively studied and assessed with a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Pre-operative and post-operative interspinous distance, disc space height, foraminal width and height and segmental lordosis were determined.

[Comparison and analysis of two methods for serum free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection].

Objective: To analyze the clinical performance of free prostate-specific antigen (fPSA) detection by ECLIA method, and evaluate whether ECLIA is suitable for clinical use.

Methods: 341 samples were collected and tested prostate-specific antibodies with CMIA and ECLIA methods. These samples contain: 97 samples with abnormal high PSA value tested by CMIA method, and 244 normal PSA samples.

[Hepatitis C viruses infection situation in the human population of six provinces in China].

Objective: To investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis C viruse infection in the human population in six regions of Beijing, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Ningxia, Gansu and Sichuan in China.

Methods: ELISA was used for detecting anti-HCV IgG of the serum samples. All sample were collected in 2006-2008 in six areas.