A new carbon emission reduction mechanism: Carbon Generalized System of Preferences (CGSP).

Countries throughout the whole world, including China, are working together to curb the greenhouse effect, but the effects seem very limited in spite of the fact that various low-carbon development strategies have been adopted, particularly in industrial enterprises. Therefore, carbon emissions caused by the public should be taken seriously, and the public should be encouraged to engage in behavior that limits carbon emissions. Therefore, this article introduces a new incentive mechanism called the Carbon Generalized System of Preferences (CGSP), which was first introduced in Guangdong Province, China.

[Spatial variability and management zone of soil major nutrients in tobacco fields in Qiannan mountainous region].

Spatial variability and management zone of soil major nutrients in tobacco fields in Qian-nan mountainous region were analyzed using geostatistics and fuzzy c-mean algorithm. Results indicated that the level of soil organic matter (OM) was moderate, and alkalytic nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) were rich according to tobacco soil nutrient classification standards. Coefficients of variation (CV) of OM, AN, AP and AK were moderate.

Neopterin negatively regulates expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 by the LXRα signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells.

To investigate the effects of neopterin on ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux in human THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells, and to explore the role of the liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) involved. In the present study, THP-1 cells were pre-incubated with ox-LDL to become foam cells. The protein and mRNA expression were examined by Western blot assays and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively.

Hydrogen peroxide functions as a secondary messenger for brassinosteroids-induced CO2 assimilation and carbohydrate metabolism in Cucumis sativus.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are potent regulators of photosynthesis and crop yield in agricultural crops; however, the mechanism by which BRs increase photosynthesis is not fully understood. Here, we show that foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) resulted in increases in CO(2) assimilation, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) accumulation, and leaf area in cucumber. H(2)O(2) treatment induced increases in CO(2) assimilation whilst inhibition of the H(2)O(2) accumulation by its generation inhibitor or scavenger completely abolished EBR-induced CO(2) assimilation.

Brassinosteroids accelerate recovery of photosynthetic apparatus from cold stress by balancing the electron partitioning, carboxylation and redox homeostasis in cucumber.

The aim of this study was to examine the role of brassinosteroids (BRs) in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from cold-induced damage in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants. Recovery at both high light (HL) and low light (LL) after a cooling at 10/7°C induced irreversible inhibition of CO2 assimilation, photoinhibition at photosystem I (PSI) and inhibition of enzyme activities of Calvin cycle and ascorbate (AsA)-reduced glutathione (GSH) cycle, followed by accumulation of H2 O2 and malondialdehyde. However, cold-induced photoinhibition at PSII was fully recovered at LL but not at HL.

Brassinosteroid-induced CO(2) assimilation is associated with increased stability of redox-sensitive photosynthetic enzymes in the chloroplasts in cucumber plants.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) play important roles in plant growth, development, photosynthesis and stress tolerance; however, the mechanism underlying BR-enhanced photosynthesis is currently unclear. Here, we provide evidence that an increase in the BR level increased the quantum yield of PSII, activities of Rubisco activase (RCA) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), and CO(2) assimilation. BRs upregulated the transcript levels of genes and activity of enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the chloroplasts, leading to an increased ratio of reduced (GSH) to oxidized (GSSG) glutathione in the chloroplasts.

Effect of trehalose on PC12 cells overexpressing wild-type or A53T mutant α-synuclein.

Accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) is a common pathology for both familiar and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), enhancing its clearance might be a promising strategy for treating PD. To assess the potential of trehalose in this regard, we investigated its effect on the PC12 cells overexpressing wild type (WT) or A53T mutant α-Syn and the implicated pathway it might mediated. We observed that trehalose promoted the clearance of A53T α-Syn but not WT α-Syn in PC12 cells, and confirmed the increased LC3 and Lysotracker RED positive autolysosomes by using lysotracker and LC3 staining, the enhanced expression of LC3-II in Western blot, and more autophagosomes under Transmission Electron Microscope in a dose dependent manner after the trehalose treatment.

Multilevel model estimation of age-dependent individual-specific trajectories for left ventricular echocardiographic indexes in an asymptomatic elderly cohort.

Few studies have been performed on the individual-specific trajectory of left ventricular aging as assessed by echocardiography in an asymptomatic elderly cohort. In the present study, a representative cohort of elderly men, who were long-term asymptomatic for cardiovascular issues, were selected from an ongoing observational aging study. Annual echocardiographic data were used to establish an age-dependent hierarchical model.

Efficacy and safety of pramipexole in chinese patients with restless legs syndrome: results from a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: We performed a six-week study of pramipexole vs. a placebo in Chinese restless legs syndrome patients.

Methods: Overall, 305 enrolled patients were assigned randomly in a 2:1 ratio to the pramipexole group (N=202) and the placebo group (N=103).

The reduction of reactive oxygen species formation by mitochondrial alternative respiration in tomato basal defense against TMV infection.

The role of mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) and the relationship between systemic AOX induction, ROS formation, and systemic plant basal defense to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were investigated in tomato plants. The results showed that TMV inoculation significantly increased the level of AOX gene transcripts, ubiquinone reduction levels, pyruvate content, and cyanide-resistant respiration (CN-resistant R) in upper, un-inoculated leaves. Pretreatment with potassium cyanide (KCN, a cytochrome pathway inhibitor) greatly increased CN-resistant R and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, while application of salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM, an AOX inhibitor) blocked the AOX activity and enhanced the production of ROS in the plants.

[Study on teaching techniques of meridians and acupoints].

According to the law of circulation of meridians and the locations of acupoints, the opposite acupoints were proposed. It facilitates comprehension of the routes of meridians and the locations of acupoints. Application of opposite needling or penetrative needling, it is easy to practice and the effectiveness is significant.

[Effect of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 on proliferation, migration and invasion of epithelial ovarian cancer cells].

Objective: To explore the effect of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 on proliferation, migration and invasion of epithelial ovarian cancer cells.

Methods: CXCR4 and CXCL12 mRNA and protein expression of human ovarian cancer cell line CAOV3 was detected by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Integrin beta1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) mRNA expression were detected in CAOV3 cells stimulated by CXCL12.

Role of CXCL12 in metastasis of human ovarian cancer.

Background: In a previous study, we have verified that CXCR4 expression is correlated with tumor aggressive progression and poor prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of CXCL12-CXCR4 axis on the metastasis of human ovarian cancer.

Methods: The expressions of CXCR4 and CXCL12 mRNA and protein in human ovarian cancer cell line CAOV-3 was detected by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry.

Therapeutic effect of microencapsulated porcine retinal pigmented epithelial cells transplantation on rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Object: To investigate the therapeutic effect of microencapsulated porcine retinal pigmented epithelial cells (RPE-M) transplantation on rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: Primary porcine RPE cells were harvested by enzyme digestion and expanded in culture medium. Determine the levels of dopamine (DA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) by high performance liquid chromatography electrochemical (HPLC) assay, and the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were detected by ELISA.

Overexpression of lentivirus-mediated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in bone marrow stromal cells and its neuroprotection for the PC12 cells damaged by lactacystin.

Objective: To construct recombinant lentiviral vectors for gene delivery of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and evaluate the neuroprotective effect of GDNF on lactacystin-damaged PC12 cells by transfecting it into bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).

Methods: pLenti6/V5-GDNF plasmid was set up by double restriction enzyme digestion and ligation, and then the plasmid was transformed into Top10 cells. Purified pLenti6/V5-GDNF plasmids from the positive clones and the packaging mixture were cotransfected to the 293FT packaging cell line by Lipofectamine2000 to produce lentivirus, then the concentrated virus was transduced to BMSCs.

18F-FP-CIT PET imaging and SPM analysis of dopamine transporters in Parkinson's disease in various Hoehn & Yahr stages.

To investigate the usefulness of 18F-FP-CIT PET for assessing the severity of Parkinson's disease (PD) at various clinical stages, 41 patients with PD were divided into early (Hoehn&Yahr I-II, n = 23) and advanced (Hoehn & Yahr III-IV, n = 18) subgroups. 18F-FP-CIT PET was performed in these patients and 12 normal subjects. 18F-FP-CIT uptake in striatal subregions and its correlation with UPDRS were first evaluated by ROI analysis, and between-group differences were also analyzed by Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM).

[Correlations of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor to tumor metastasis].

Previous studies suggest that chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 play important roles in embryonic development, stem cell trafficking, and inflammatory reactions. It is a central factor in directing cell movement of many physiologic and pathologic processes. The mechanisms of cancer cell metastasis and white blood cell trafficking are similar.

Expression of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in human epithelial ovarian cancer: an independent prognostic factor for tumor progression.

Objectives: Chemokine CXCL12 and its unique receptor CXCR4 have been recently implicated in cancer metastasis. Our goal was to explore expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 protein in normal ovarian surface epithelium, primary tumors and paired metastases of epithelial ovarian cancer as well as its association with clinicopathological features. We also wanted to test if expression of CXCR4 has prognostic value in epithelial ovarian cancer patients.

Argyrophilic grain disease: frequency and neuropathology in centenarians.

Argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) is a progressive degenerative disease of the human brain, the prevalence of which increases with advancing age. The features of AGD in autopsied brains from 32 centenarians were studied using phosphorylated tau (AT8) immunostaining combined with Gallyas-Braak staining and 4R tau-specific antibody (RD4) immunostaining. Ten of 32 centenarians were diagnosed as AGD, yielding an overall frequency of 31.

Characteristics of alpha-synucleinopathy in centenarians.

To investigate the characteristics of alpha-synucleinopathy in the brains of centenarians, the autopsied brains and spinal cords from 23 cases were studied. Coronal slices were prepared from a section of the cerebral hemisphere, following the guidelines of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) (CERAD) and the consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Spinal cord specimens were prepared at each segment from the third cervical to the third sacral segment.

1H NMR study of the inclusion of Costa-type organocobalt(III) complexes in cyclodextrins.

The inclusion behavior between Costa-type complexes and cyclodextrins (CDs) was studied by 1H NMR in aqueous solution. The results indicated that 1:1 inclusion complex was formed, in which the alkyl group of the guest was included in the cavity of CDs. The stability constants of the inclusion complexes were determined by the quantitative 1H NMR method.