Characterization of potential bioactive molecules in Fissistigma polyanthum using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS-based metabolomics integrated with chemometrics approaches.

Fissistigma polyanthum is a renowned medicinal plant traditionally used by over 10 ethnic groups in China to treat various ailments, including inflammation. However, research on its chemical composition and bioactivity remains limited. This study investigated the chemical profiles and biological activities across different parts of F.

Secondary Metabolites of the Lichen and Their Neuroprotective Potential.

In the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease, cholinergic neuron dysfunction and neuroinflammation are integral components. Against this backdrop, within the vast array of potential sources under exploration, , a remarkable lichen with profound ethnopharmacological significance among various Chinese ethnic minorities, has recently emerged as a promising candidate. Through our comprehensive phytochemical investigation, five undescribed diphenylmethanes (-), three unreported depsides (-), and one novel diphenylether (), along with 16 known compounds, were successfully isolated and identified.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of buthutin derivatives as cardioprotective agents.

Natural products are the important sources in cardiovascular drug development. In this study, twenty-nine buthutin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their NHE-1 inhibition and protective effects on cardiomyocyte injury. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds had been confirmed by H-NMR, C-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS spectra.

Feasibility and safety of Taipei Veterans General Hospital Heavy Ion Therapy Center: The first carbon-ion irradiation facility in Taiwan.

Background: Unlike conventional photon radiotherapy, particle therapy has the advantage of dose distribution. Carbon-ion radiotherapy is also advantageous in terms of biological effectiveness and other radiobiological aspects. These benefits lead to a higher response probability for previously known radioresistant tumor types.

Base-promoted triple cleavage of CClBr: a direct one-pot synthesis of unsymmetrical oxalamide derivatives.

We present a novel, eco-friendly and one-pot approach for synthesizing unsymmetrical oxalamides with the aid of dichloroacetamide and amine/amides in the presence of CBr in a basic medium. The use of water as a potent supplement for the oxygen atom source and the detailed mechanism have been disclosed. Moreover, the protocol involves triple cleavage of CClBr and the formation of new C-O/C-N bonds, with the advantage of achieving selective bromination using CBr with good to excellent yield under mild conditions.

Alkaloids from Fritillaria przewalskii Bulbs and Their Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Activities.

Three undescribed isosteroidal alkaloids, przewalskines A-C (1-3), as well as seven known alkaloids (4-10) were obtained from Fritillaria przewalskii bulbs. Their structures were deduced by extensive HRESIMS, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR analyses, and their bioactivities were evaluated involving the anti-inflammatory and inhibitory potencies on AChE, BChE, and Aβ aggregation. Compound 4 revealed the potent effect on inhibiting Aβ aggregation activity with IC value of 33.

The effect of radiotherapy on patients with pathological stage IIB breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy: A cohort study.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, and treatment options include surgery, systemic therapies, and radiotherapy (RT). While postoperative RT plays an important role in reducing local recurrence rates and improving survival outcomes, its exact impact on patients with pathological stage IIB breast cancers remains unidentified.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, patients with newly diagnosed pathological stage IIB breast cancer who underwent surgery and postoperative RT were included.

Bioactive Isoquinoline Alkaloids with Diverse Skeletons from .

Six new isoquinoline alkaloids, including aporphine alkaloids (, , , and ), a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (), and a protoberberine alkaloid (), were isolated from the roots of , along with a new furanone () and 13 known isoquinoline alkaloids (, -, , , -, , and ). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by the analysis of spectroscopic data. Compounds and are rare oxalyl-fused dehydroaporphine alkaloids.

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Followed by Image-Guided Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Locally Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer: A Prospective Phase I/II Trial.

Background: This trial investigated the efficacy and safety of salvage boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) combined with image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) for recurrent head and neck cancer after prior radiotherapy (RT).

Methods: BNCT was administered using an intravenous boronophenylalanine-fructose complex (500 mg/kg) in a single fraction; multifractionated IG-IMRT was administered 28 days after BNCT. For BNCT, the mucosa served as the dose-limiting organ.

Combined modality therapy for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Radiation dose and survival analyses.

Background: We aimed to analyze the radiation dose and compare survival among combined modality therapy using modern radiation techniques for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with clinically staged T1-4N0-3M0 ESCC from 2014 to 2018. Patients who received combined modality therapies with curative intent were enrolled.

Antimicrobial activity effects of electrolytically generated hypochlorous acid-treated pathogenic microorganisms by isothermal kinetic simulation.

This study involves isothermal kinetic simulation to evaluate the parameters of inhibition conditions for () and () of high-risk pathogens. This is because the new type of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is continuously spreading and the importance of public health issues. Environmental disinfection and personal wearing of masks have become important epidemic prevention measures.

Novel Morpholine-Bearing Quinoline Derivatives as Potential Cholinesterase Inhibitors: The Influence of Amine, Carbon Linkers and Phenylamino Groups.

A series of novel 4--phenylaminoquinoline derivatives containing a morpholine group were designed and synthesized, and their anti-cholinesterase activities and ABTS radical-scavenging activities were tested. Among them, compounds , , , and had comparable inhibition activities to reference galantamine in AChE. Especially, compound revealed the most potent inhibition on AChE and BChE with IC values of 1.

The clinical relative biological effectiveness and prostate-specific antigen kinetics of carbon-ion radiotherapy in low-risk prostate cancer.

Background: To evaluate the clinical relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for prostate cancer.

Methods: The records of 262 patients with low-risk prostate cancer (median age, 65 [47-80] years) treated with C-ion RT at QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology in Japan during 2000-2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Four different protocol outcomes and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) responses were evaluated.

Isosteroidal alkaloids of Fritillaria taipaiensis and their implication to Alzheimer's disease: Isolation, structural elucidation and biological activity.

Four undescribed and five known isosteroidal alkaloids were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria taipaiensis and their structures were elucidated on the basis of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analyses. The undescribed compounds were designated taipainines A-D. Of these, taipainine D presented a unique structure having the D/E trans (H-13α/H-17β) and E/F cis (β-axial lone pair of the N atom/H-22β) ring junctions.

Discovery of Guanidine Derivatives from Karsch with Metal-Binding and Cholinesterase Inhibition Properties.

Two rare guanidine-type alkaloids, Buthutin A () and Buthutin B (), along with two other compounds (, ), were isolated from Karsch, and determined using extensive spectroscopic data analysis and high resolution-mass spectrometry. Compound showed the most potent inhibition on AChE and BChE with IC values of 7.83 ± 0.

Positive Effects of Preventive Nutrition Supplement on Anticancer Radiotherapy in Lung Cancer Bearing Mice.

(1) : Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the major treatments for non-small cell lung cancer, but RT-associated toxicities usually impede its anticancer effect. Nutrient supplementation has been applied for cancer prevention or a complementary measure to anticancer therapy. Here, we explored the influence of total nutrition supplementation before and after cancer occurrence on the anticancer benefit and side effects of RT.

Antioxidant Activities of Selected Medicinal Mushroom Submerged Cultivated Mycelia.

Medicinal mushrooms fruiting bodies have been used as food or medicine for years but cultured mycelium is faster to grow and costs less. This research studied the antioxidant activities of three species (five strains) of medicinal mushroom mycelia (Cordyceps militaris, Ganoderma tsugae I and II, Trametes versicolor I and II). Two-stage extractions were performed: first the sample was extracted with 70% ethanol, and then the residue was extracted with 95°C hot water.

The distribution of immune cells within combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma predicts clinical outcome.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of the immune microenvironment in patients with combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-ICC).

Patients And Methods: The density of tumor-infiltrating CD3 , CD8 , CD163 , and Foxp3 immune cells, as well as Programmed cell death 1, Programmed cell death-ligand 1, and Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4, was measured in the peritumor liver, tumor invasive margin, and intratumor subregions of 56 cHCC-ICC by immunohistochemistry. The immune index was established to stratify patients.

Effect of Ethanolic Extracts from Taiwanofungus camphoratus and T. salmoneus (Agaricomycetes) Mycelia on Osteoporosis Recovery.

Osteoporosis is common in postmenopausal women and elderly people. In this study, the ovariectomized mice were used as an in vivo test to evaluate the effects of 70% ethanolic extracts of Taiwanofungus camphoratus and T. salmoneus (Polyporales, Agaricomycetes) on postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Using salvage Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) for recurrent malignant brain tumors in Taiwan.

Radiation therapy has an irreplaceable role in modern oncologic therapy, thanks to the advanced radiation techniques developed in recent decades. However, photon-resistant cases are sometimes encountered. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a highly selective radiotherapy technique due to the high tumor to tissue ratio of boronophenylalanine (BPA), the unique medication used for the BNCT treatment reaction.

Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-hepatoma Activity of New Hederagenin Derivatives.

Background: Based on the biological significance of hederagenin-type saponins found in our previous investigation, a series of new hederagenin derivatives were designed and synthesized.

Methods: Their in vitro antiproliferative activities were evaluated against the HepG2 liver cancer cell line and normal cell line L929 by MTT assay.

Results: The preliminary bioassay results demonstrated that all the tested compounds 1-7 showed potent anti-hepatoma activities, and some compounds exhibited better effects than 5-fluorouracil against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line.

Miller Fisher syndrome with early intracranial hypertension and delayed bilateral simultaneous facial nerve palsy: a case report.

Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome, is characterized by ataxia, areflexia and ophthalmoplegia. This case report describes a 40-year old male that presented with a 3-day history of unsteady walking and numbness on both hands, and a 2-day history of seeing double images and unclear articulation. Lumbar puncture revealed an opening pressure of 260 mm HO.

New 4-N-phenylaminoquinoline derivatives as antioxidant, metal chelating and cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease.

A series of new 4-N-phenylaminoquinoline derivatives were designed, synthesized, and their anticholinesterase activities, 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, metal-chelating ability were tested. Among them, compounds 11j, 11k and 11l had comparable inhibition activities to reference drug galantamine both in AChE and in BChE. Especially, compound 11j revealed the most potent inhibition to eeAChE and eqBChE with IC values of 1.