Application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology in the characterization of microstructure and moisture content of young Moso bamboo.

Bamboo nodes play a key role in the hollow structure and the rapid growth of bamboo culm. Studying on the anatomical structure of bamboo is helpful to understand its growth mechanism. Taking the noninvasive, high-resolution and accurate technical advantages of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we conducted cross-sectional high-resolution MRI scanning on the tip of young Moso bamboo culm (removed shoot sheath) and extracted the gray value of the MRIs by using MATLAB software to explore the differences of water distribution in nodes, proximal nodes, and internodes.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of (Bambusoideae: Arundinarieae): an ornamental bamboo species endemic to China.

We, at first, fully characterized the complete chloroplast genome of the woody bamboo using genome skimming and focused on comparative analyses among and . This newly sequenced chloroplast genome (GenBank NO. MN917206) is a typical circular structure with 139,711 bp in length and comprises of an 83,295 bp large single-copy (LSC) region, a 12,824 bp small single-copy (SSC) region, and a pair of 21,796 bp inverted repeats (IRs).

Internode morphometrics and allometry of Tonkin Cane .

(McClure) (Poales: Gramineae) is a typical bamboo species naturally distributed in large area of south China and famous for its culm strength. Although bamboos were found to share the same development rule, the detailed internode morphology of bamboo culm was actually not fully expressed. We explored internode morphology of using 11 different physical parameters in different dimensions (1-4).

[Determination of Trace Elements in the Melon of Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins (Sousa chinensis) with ICP-MS].

The Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) with long life-span are top predators in marine ecosystem -and they could accumulate heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in their tissues, while the melon is a unique lipid-rich structure within the cetacean forehead that functions in the transmission of echolocation signals. To explore the baseline levels and the main characteristics of the components, the concentrations of vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were determined in the melon of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that this method was quite suitable for the determination of trace elements in the melon of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins with highly accuracy and precision, and the trace elements in melon existed individual differences.

[Determination of Trace Elements in Marine Cetaceans by ICP-MS and Health Risk Assessment].

The liver, kidney and muscle samples from seven cetaceans were digested by microwave digestion, and trace elements amounts of V, Cd, Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni, Mn, Se, Hg and Pb were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the health risk assessment for Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg, Se in the liver was conducted. The results of international lobster hepatopancreas standard (TORT-2) showed acceptable agreement with the certified values, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of eleven kinds of trace elements were less than 3.54%, showing that the method is suitable for the determination of trace elements in cetaceans.

Comparison of dwarf bamboos (Indocalamus sp.) leaf parameters to determine relationship between spatial density of plants and total leaf area per plant.

The relationship between spatial density and size of plants is an important topic in plant ecology. The self-thinning rule suggests a -3/2 power between average biomass and density or a -1/2 power between stand yield and density. However, the self-thinning rule based on total leaf area per plant and density of plants has been neglected presumably because of the lack of a method that can accurately estimate the total leaf area per plant.

Synthetic promoters consisting of defined cis-acting elements link multiple signaling pathways to probenazole-inducible system.

Probenazole (3-allyloxy-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide, PBZ), the active component of Oryzemate, could induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants through the induction of salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. As a widely used chemical inducer, PBZ is a good prospect for establishing a new chemical-inducible system. We first designed artificially synthetic promoters with tandem copies of a single type of cis-element (SARE, JERE, GCC, GST1, HSRE, and W-box) that could mediate the expression of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in plants upon PBZ treatment.

Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for Phyllostachys edulis (Poaceae), an important bamboo species in China.

Premise Of The Study: Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for Phyllostachys edulis (Poaceae), an ecologically and economically important bamboo species in China, to evaluate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of P. edulis and other Phyllostachys species. •

Methods And Results: Twenty microsatellite markers were developed and their polymorphisms were tested on 71 samples from three geographically disparate populations.

[Several changes of Indocalamus leaf active ingredients contents].

In this paper, the leaves of Indocalamus herklotsii, Indocalamus decorus, and Indocalamus latifolius were collected from Nanjing in different seasons to study the seasonal changes of the total flavonoids, tea polyphenols, and soluble sugar contents in the leaves. There existed significant differences in the test active ingredients contents among the leaves of the three Indocalamus species. The leaf total flavonoids content of the three Indocalamus species in different seasons ranged in 1.

Effect of polymerization degree of calcium polyphosphate on its microstructure and in vitro degradation performance.

Preparation, characterization and in vitro study of a series of calcium polyphosphate (CPP) with different polymerization degree were reported. A series of CPP with different polymerization degree were prepared by controlling calcining time. Average polymerization degree was analyzed by liquid state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

New instrument for tribocharge measurement due to single particle impacts.

During particulate solid processing, particle-particle and particle-wall collisions can generate electrostatic charges. This may lead to a variety of problems ranging from fire and explosion hazards to segregation, caking, and blocking. A fundamental understanding of the particle charging in such situations is therefore essential.

Triboelectrification of pharmaceutical powders by particle impact.

Pharmaceutical powders are very prone to electrostatic charging by colliding and sliding contacts with walls and other particles. In pharmaceutical formulation processes, particle charging is often a nuisance and can cause problems in the manufacture of products, such as affecting powder flow, and reducing fill and dose uniformity. For a fundamental understanding of the powder triboelectrification, it is essential to study charge transfer due to a single contact of a particle with a target plane under well-defined physical, mechanical and electrical conditions.

[Study on spectral behavior of trimethoxyphenylflurone with cadmium in microemulsion].

In the present paper, the spectral behavior of cadmium with trimethoxyphenylflurone (TM-PF) in microemulsion was studied. In the buffer medium of borax-NaOH at pH 10.40, cadmium (II) reacts with TM-PF to form a stable 1:2 complex.

Development of a novel approach towards predicting the milling behaviour of pharmaceutical powders.

A novel approach has been developed for evaluating the milling behaviour of pharmaceutical powders based on their material and mechanical properties obtained by single particle impact testing. Milling behaviour of two widely used pharmaceutical excipients, namely microcrystalline cellulose and alpha-lactose monohydrate has been analysed in an oscillatory single ball mill. It is found that the milling behaviour of these two powders can be described by analogy with a first-order rate process except for alphaLM at 18Hz of milling frequency.

[Phylogeny of the genus Arundinaria based on nucleotide sequences of nrDNA ITS region].

The sequences of nrDNA regions of 17 species and Phyllostachys edulis (outgroup) sampled, which are of represent and type species for different taxa in the genus Arundinaria,were analyzed by PCR amplification and direct DNA sequencing. The phylogenetic trees generated from maximum parsimony analysis showed that the sampled bamboos were naturally monophletic, appearing that these species of the bamboos belong to the genus Arundinaria. The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) data indicated that the species were divided into two branches, one including A.