Absorption of Carbon-13 Labelled Fullerene (C) on Rice Seedlings and Effect of Phytohormones on Growth.

This study explores the effects of nanomaterials in rice seedlings using carbon 13 (C)-labelled fullerene (C). The experiment consisted of three groups, one CK and two nano particle groups with C: 100 mg L and 20 mg L. Mass spectrometry indicated higher C abundances in the nano particle groups compared with the CK.

Engineered Nanomaterials Suppress the Soft Rot Disease () and Slow Down the Loss of Nutrient in Sweet Potato.

About 45% of the world's fruit and vegetables are wasted, resulting in postharvest losses and contributing to economic losses ranging from $10 billion to $100 billion worldwide. Soft rot disease caused by leads to postharvest storage losses of sweet potatoes. Nanoscience stands as a new tool in our arsenal against these mounting challenges that will restrict efforts to achieve and maintain global food security.

Review on Recent Progress in Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Diverse Applications.

Diverse applications of nanoparticles (NPs) have revolutionized various sectors in society. In the recent decade, particularly magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained enormous interest owing to their applications in specialized areas such as medicine, cancer theranostics, biosensing, catalysis, agriculture, and the environment. Controlled surface engineering for the design of multi-functional MNPs is vital for achieving desired application.

[Characteristics of Heavy Metal Absorption by Winter Wheat and Its Quantitative Relationship with Influencing Factors].

Winter wheat is one of the main food crops in China, and ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products is an important component in agricultural production. The absorption of heavy metals by winter wheat is affected by many factors. To clarify the characteristics of heavy metal absorption by winter wheat under field conditions, and the quantitative relationship between the content of heavy metals in wheat grains and the physical and chemical properties of soil and its content of heavy metals, point-to-point sampling was carried out from 50 fields with different levels of heavy metal pollution in the main wheat-producing areas of North China.

Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials for Antimicrobial Applications.

The interplay between nanotechnology and pathogens offers a new quest to fight against human infections. Inspiring from their unique thermal, magnetic, optical, or redox potentials, numerous nanomaterials have been employed for bacterial theranostics. The past decade has seen dramatic progress in the development of various nanoantimicrobials, which demands more focus on their safety assessment.

[Application of ICP-mS and AFS to detecting heavy metals in phosphorus fertilizers].

In order to investigate heavy metals in phosphorus fertilizers in China, 159 samples of phosphorus fertilizers including imported fertilizers and domestic fertilizers were collected from fertilizer markets, and the contents of heavy metals were determined by ICP-MS and AFS after microwave digestion. The results showed that the phosphorous fertilizers contained certain amount of heavy metals, and there was great variability in the contents of heavy metals. The mean contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni, As and Hg were 0.

[Nitrogen status diagnosis and yield prediction of spring maize after green manure incorporation by using a digital camera].

In order to explore the feasibility of using the image processing technology to diagnose the nitrogen status and to predict the maize yield, a field experiment with different nitrogen rates with green manure incorporation was conducted. Maize canopy digital images over a range of growth stages were captured by digital camera. Maize nitrogen status and the relationships between image color indices derived by digital camera for maize at different growth stages and maize nitrogen status indicators were analyzed.

[Application of NIRS to detecting total N of cucumber leaves growing in greenhouse].

Non-destructive testing, as a new, rapid, non-destructive technology, is the direction of agricultural produce testing in the future. In this study, the nitrogen content of cucumber leaves was predetermined using near infrared spectroscopy technology. The main results were as follows: The authors measured the nitrogen content in cucumber leaves with Kjeldahl method and near infrared spectroscopy, then established a model between them, and processed a external verification next.

[Application of synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence to investigating the distribution of trace elements in different organs of greenhouse rape].

The trace elements distribution in the root and leaf of greenhouse rape was determined with synchrotron radiation XRF, and many essential elements for human health were found, including Co, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, K and Ca, among which the contents of Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn are especially higher than the other elements. The results proved that the contents of different elements in different parts of leaves and roots were inequable. Generally, the contents of K, Ca and Mg in the roots are significantly higher than those in leaves, while the contents of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn in the leaves are apparently higher than those in roots.

[Content of rare earth elements in wild Hypericum japonicum Thunb].

Rare earth elements are important nutritional elements for human health, and today more and more attention has been paid to the effective components in Chinese traditional medicine, especially to rare earth elements. Fifteen rare earth elements in wild hypericum japonicum Thunb were analyzed by the methods of ICP-MS. The results showed that the concentrations of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Tm, Lu and Y ranged from 6 ng x g(-1) x DW to 14 522 ng x g(-1) x DW, and among them the concentrations of La, Ce and Nd were higher than 2 000 ng x g(-1) x DW.

[Contrast study on natural radioactive nuclides contents of rice between Xiangshan uranium deposit area, Jiangxi and non-uranium depsoit area].

The contents of natural radioactive nuclides such as uranium and thorium in paddies were analyzed and compared by means of ICP-MS. Totally 14 paddy samples were distinguished into two groups and collected from two rice planting area. One group (12 paddy samples) was collected from the Xiangshan uranium deposit area, Jiangxi province; while the other group (2 samples) collected from non-uranium deposit suburban area of Fuzhou city, Jiangxi, as comparison samples.

[Application of ICP-AES to detecting nutrients in grain of wheat core collection of China].

Deficiency of micronutrients, especially iron and zinc, has been a serious malnutrition problem worldwide in human health. Increasing Fe and Zn concentrations in grains by means of plant breeding is a sustainable, effective and important way to improve human mineral nutrition and health. However, little information on grain Fe and Zn concentrations in Chinese wheat genotypes is available.

[The content of nutrient elements of plant in KCl fertilizer].

Potassium is one of the three most important plant nutrient elements, so many researchers pay attention on its fertilizer efficiency. But fertilizers were all industrial products containing many other nutrient elements in most experiments of fertilizer efficiency. All the other nutrient elements, including necessitous elements and beneficial elements in potassium fertilizer (KCl) were analyzed by method of ICP-MS.

[Distribution pattern of heavy metals in transgenic(Bt+CpTI) cotton].

With the rapid development of transgenic plant, more and more attention has been paid to its ecological safety. Dual-toxin transgenic (Bt+CpTI) cottons and regular cotton were studied by ICP-MS to detect the concentration of heavy metals. The results showed that the sequence of concentration of heavy metals is root > leaf > stem in cotton; the transgenic cotton accumulated less Cd and As than regular cotton in all the organs; and the content of Cr in leaf and stem of transgenic cotton was lower than that in regular cotton, while the content of Pb was lower only in stem.

[Contents of nutrient elements in NH4(+)-N fertilizer and urea].

Fertilizer contains not only one compound or one element, so it is important to determine the contents of other elements necessitous and beneficial to plant. All the other nutrient elements for plant, including necessitous elements and beneficial elements in ammonia nitrogen fertilizer ((NH4)2SO4) and CO(NH2)2, were analyzed by method of ICP-MS. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen fertilizer ((NH4)2SO4) and CO(NH2)2 both contain many necessitous elements, Mg, P, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mo, thereinto the contents of Mg, P, K, Ca, Mn and Fe were on microg x g(-1) the level, and Ni, Cu, Zn and Mo were on the ng x g(-1) level; compared with CO(NH2)2, ammonia nitrogen fertilizer ((NH4)2SO4) contains more necessitous elements and beneficial elements except Mo and Si.

[Distribution of six trace elements in Fuji apple].

Trace elements are important nutritional elements for human health. Six trace elements in Fuji apple skin and pulp were analyzed by the method of ICP-MS. The results showed that the concentrations of Ca, Mn, Fe, Se, Mo and I were 197 910, 1 623, 14 400, 2, 47 and 91 ng x g(-1) x FW in apple skin respectively; and 58 360, 281, 550, 4, 18 and 24 ng x g(-1) x FW respectively in apple pulp.

[Nitrogen status diagnosis of summer maize by using visible spectral analysis technology].

In the present paper, a field experiment with different N rates was conducted to study the possibility of using the visible spectrum of crop canopy to diagnose N status for the summer maize. Visible spectrum parameters were compared with the leaf SPAD readings, total N concentration and vein nitrate concentration. Field measurement data showed that the greenness intensity, blueness intensity, normalized redness intensity, normalized greenness intensity and normalized blueness intensity of the maize canopy have significant relationships with leaf SPAD readings, total N concentration and vein nitrate concentration (under a low N input condition, with vein nitrate concentration < 2 000 mg x L(-1)) at summer maize 10 leaves unfold stage.

[Effects of forms and level of nitrogen fertilizer on the content of chlorophyll in leaves of maize seedling].

The level and form of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly influence the growth and development of plant. The present paper studied the content of chlorophyll by the instrument SPAD-502 after treated with different nitrogen fertilizer level and different nitrogen fertilizer form. The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll in the last expanding leaf of maize seedling treated by levels of 0, 100 and 200 kgN x hm(-2) respectively had no significant difference, with the value of SPAD ranging from 43.

[Determination of major elements in soil from cancer village by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry].

Many social problems arise from environmental pollution, cancer village is one of the many important problems caused by pollution. The authors selected a typical cancer village where 80-100 people died of cancer in the last five years, but there are only a total of 1 200 people in this village. The authors sampled soils from crops-planted areas and detected the major elements by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

[Determination of major elements in superphosphate by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry].

Phosphate fertilizer is one of the most important fertilizers. The authors determined nine kinds of major elements in superphosphate, the most important phosphate fertilizer, by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The detection range of SiO2, Al2O3, TFe2O3, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O and P2O5 is 15.

[Application of ICP-MS to detecting ten kinds of heavy metals in KCl fertilizer].

With the rapid development of society, more and more attention has been focused on environmental safety, especially on the pollutions of heavy metals, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants and deleterious microorganism. Heavy metals are difficult to metabolize in human body are quite harmful, so research on the pollution of heavy metals is increasingly important. There are many pollution sources of heavy metals, including waste residue, waste water and exhaust gas from industry and automobile, and garbage from human life.

[Application of ICP-MS to determination of heavy metal content of heavy metals in two kinds of N fertilizer].

Environmental safety has been the focus worldwide, where involved are the pollutions of heavy metals, pesticides and persistent organic pollutants. Fertilizer has become one of the polluting sources of heavy metals, which are very deleterious to human health and environmental safety. Heavy metals are difficult to metabolize in human body and very harmful, so research on the pollution of heavy metals is considered increasingly important.

[Effects of hair dyeing on the heavy metals content in hair].

Cosmetic and hair dye has been one of the pollution resources of heavy metals. Contents of heavy metals in hair of dyed group and non-dyed group were analyzed by ICP-MS, the results showed that dyeing hair can change the content of heavy metals in hair, but the degree of effect is different for different element: contents of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Cd and Sb in hair of dyed group were higher than that of non-dyed group, but contents of As, Cr, Zn, Ag, Pb and Hg were lower. The cause of the above results could be that hair dye contains more Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Cd and Sb, but less As, Cr, Zn, Ag, Pb and Hg, and dyeing hair could restrain the metabolism and excretion of As, Cr, Zn, Ag, Pb and Hg from human body.

[Application of ICP-MS to detect rare elements in wild Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma].

Rare metals are important nutritional elements for human health. Fifteen rare metals in wild Cistanche deserticola Y. C.

[Content of trace elements and heavy metals in Chinese winter jujube fruit].

Today researchers pay more and more attention to the content of trace elements and heavy metals in food. Contents of trace elements and heavy metals in Chinese winter jujube fruit were analyzed by ICP-MS, the results showed that winter Chinese jujube contained plentiful trace elements, especially Ca (126.67 microg x g(-1) x FW), Mg (68.