Step enzymatic hydrolysis of sodium hydroxide-pretreated Chinese liquor distillers' grains for ethanol production.

Distillers' grains are a co-product of ethanol production. In China, only a small portion of distillers' grains have been used to feed the livestock because the amount was so huge. Nowadays, it has been reported that the distillers' grains have the potential for fuel ethanol production because they are composed of lignocelluloses and residual starch.

Magnesium transporter AtMGT9 is essential for pollen development in Arabidopsis.

Magnesium (Mg(2+)) is abundant in plant cells and plays a critical role in many physiological processes. A 10-member gene family AtMGT (also known as AtMRS2) was identified in Arabidopsis, which belongs to a eukaryote subset of the CorA superfamily, functioning as Mg(2+) transporters. Some family members (AtMGT1 and AtMGT10) function as high-affinity Mg(2+) transporter and could complement bacterial mutant or yeast mutant lacking Mg(2+) transport capability.