Effect of maternal oxygen supplementation for parturient undergoing elective cesarean section by high-flow nasal oxygen compared with room air on fetal acidemia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Maternal oxygen supplementation is usually used as an intrauterine resuscitation technique to prevent fetal hypoxia and acidemia during delivery. However, there has been a great deal of controversy regarding the effects of prophylactic maternal oxygen during cesarean section, during which the incidence of fetal acidemia seems to be higher compared with that during labor. High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) can improve oxygenation better in patients with high-flow oxygen airflow.

[Expression of cyclin D1 and p16 protein in vulvar white lesion].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between cell cycle protein (cyclin D1 and p16) expression and vulvar white lesion.

Methods: Biopsies from 34 cases with vulvar white lesion, including 12 cases with lichen sclerosus (LS), 18 with squamous hyperplasia (SH) and 4 SH accompanied with LS, were examined for protein expression of cyclin D1 and p16 using immunohistochemical techniques. Normal vulvar tissues from 11 patients with other benign gynecologic diseases were used as control.