Differential effects of EPA and DHA on aging-related sarcopenia in mice and possible mechanisms involved.

Sarcopenia frequently occurs with aging and leads to major adverse impacts in elderly individuals. The protective effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids against aging-related sarcopenia have been demonstrated; however, the effect and underlying mechanism of EPA or DHA alone remain inconclusive. Hence, the present study was aimed to clarify the differential effects and possible mechanisms of EPA and DHA on aging-related sarcopenia.

An evidence-based nursing practice affects stress state, coagulation, complications and quality of life in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the emergency department: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Acute gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a common surgical emergency digestive system disorder with high morbidity and mortality.

Aim: This study sought to explore effects of evidence-based nursing practice (ENP) procedures on stress state, coagulation function, complications in patients with upper GIB (UGIB) and quantify of life in emergency department.

Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis and a total of 120 patients with UGIB were enrolled and divided into an experimental group with ENP interventions and a reference group with traditional nursing according to different nursing programs.

Oleandrin enhances radiotherapy sensitivity in lung cancer by inhibiting the ATM/ATR-mediated DNA damage response.

Despite active clinical trials on the use of Oleandrin alone or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of solid tumors, the potential synergistic effect of Oleandrin with radiotherapy remains unknown. This study reveals a new mechanism by which Oleandrin targets ATM and ATR kinase-mediated radiosensitization in lung cancer. Various assays, including clonogenic, Comet, immunofluorescence staining, apoptosis and Cell cycle assays, were conducted to evaluate the impact of oleandrin on radiation-induced double-strand break repair and cell cycle distribution.

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) as adjuvant enhances the immune effects of Aeromonas veronii inactivated vaccine in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).

Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) has emerged as a significant economic fish species, with a rise in Aeromonas veronii infections in farming. However, research on adjuvants for vaccines against A. veronii in largemouth bass remains scarce.

Fucoxanthin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal barrier injury in mice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive role and underlying mechanisms of fucoxanthin (Fx) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal barrier injury in mice. Our results demonstrated that the oral administration of Fx (50 and 200 mg per kg body weight per day) for consecutive 7 days significantly alleviated the severity of LPS-induced intestinal barrier injury in mice, as evidenced by attenuating body weight loss, improving intestinal permeability, and ameliorating intestinal morphological damage such as reduction in the ratio of the villus length to the crypt depth (/), intestinal epithelium distortion, goblet cell depletion, and low mucin 2 (MUC2) expression. Fx also significantly mitigated LPS-induced excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and curbed the decrease of tight junction proteins including claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 in the ileum and colon.

Fucoxanthin Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Mice.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preventive role and underlying mechanisms of fucoxanthin (Fx) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The present data demonstrated that oral administration of Fx (50 and 200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 36 days significantly alleviated the severity of colitis in DSS-treated mice, as evidenced by attenuating body weight loss, bloody stool, diarrhea, shortened colon length, colonic epithelium distortion, a thin mucus layer, goblet cell depletion, damaged crypts, and extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colonic mucosa. Additionally, Fx notably relieved DSS-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction via maintaining the tight junction function and preventing excessive apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid-Enriched Phospholipids Alleviate Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Lewis Lung Carcinoma Mouse Model.

Scope: Skeletal muscle atrophy is a critical feature of cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) and it is responsible for poor quality of life and high mortality in cancer patients. The previous study demonstrates that eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids (EPA-PL) prevent body weight loss in a mouse model of CAC. However, the role of EPA-PL on cancer-induced skeletal muscle atrophy remains unclear.

Characterization and Antioxidant Evaluation of Four Kinds of Marine Oils in vitro.

The objective of this study was to characterize the lipid class and fatty acid composition of four kinds of marine oils including Phaeodactylum tricornutum oil (PO), Laminaria japonica oil (LO), krill oil (KO) and fish oil (FO), and evaluate their antioxidant capacities in vitro. The results indicated that compared to other three oils, PO showed the highest contents of total lipids and fucoxanthin (194.70 and 7.

The Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Remediation Therapy on Cognitive Function, Social Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Vascular Dementia.

Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the effects of computer-assisted cognitive remediation therapy (CCRT) on cognitive function, social function and quality of life in patients with vascular dementia (VD).

Methods: Ninety-eight patients with VD were treated with CCRT in four 45-minute sessions per week over a course of 40 sessions to exercise four cognitive functions, including flexibility, working memory, plan execution and social cognition. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS), Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), and Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 (GQOL-74) were used to assess before and after treatment.

The GTP responsiveness of PI5P4Kβ evolved from a compromised trade-off between activity and specificity.

Unlike most kinases, phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase β (PI5P4Kβ) utilizes GTP as a physiological phosphate donor and regulates cell growth under stress (i.e., GTP-dependent stress resilience).

Analysis of Bactericidal Effect of Three Medical Ozonation Dosage Forms on Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria from Burn Patients.

Objective: To examine the bactericidal effects of three different states of medical ozone (liquid, gas, and oil) against drug-resistant strains of common bacteria on burn wounds, which could as a clinical reference.

Methods: Three multidrug-resistant strains of methicillin-resistant , pan-resistant , and ESBLs were identified from burn wounds. The colonies of the three varieties of bacteria were each carried out using the pour plate method prior to the start of the experiment.

Krill oil prevents lipopolysaccharide-evoked acute liver injury in mice through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation.

Acute liver injury is a life-threatening syndrome that often results from the actions of viruses, drugs and toxins. Herein, the protective effect and potential mechanism of krill oil (KO), a novel natural product rich in long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids bound to phospholipids and astaxanthin, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-evoked acute liver injury in mice were investigated. Male C57BL/6J mice were administered intragastrically with 400 mg kg KO or fish oil (FO) once per day for 28 consecutive days prior to LPS exposure (10 mg kg, intraperitoneally injected).

DHA-Enriched Phospholipids and EPA-Enriched Phospholipids Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury in Mice a Sirtuin 1-Dependent Mechanism.

Intestinal barrier dysfunction has emerged as a potential contributor to the development of several severe diseases. Herein, the effect and underlying mechanism of DHA-enriched phospholipids (DHA-PL) and EPA-enriched phospholipids (EPA-PL) on protecting against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal barrier injury were elucidated. C57BL/6J male mice were fed an AIN-93G diet containing 1% DHA-PL or EPA-PL for 4 weeks and then were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 mg/kg) to cause intestinal barrier injury.

Exploration and structure-based engineering of alkenal double bond reductases catalyzing the CαCβ double bond reduction of coniferaldehyde.

Lignin, a complex aromatic polymer, represents a significant obstacle in lignocellulosic biomass utilization. The polymerization of lignin occurs by radical couplings, which mainly form ether and C-C bonds between monolignol units. The chemical stability of these bonds between monolignol units causes the recalcitrant nature of lignin.

FAD-dependent -glycoside-metabolizing enzymes in microorganisms: Screening, characterization, and crystal structure analysis.

-glycosides have a unique structure, in which an anomeric carbon of a sugar is directly bonded to the carbon of an aglycone skeleton. One of the natural -glycosides, carminic acid, is utilized by the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, for a total of more than 200 tons/y worldwide. However, a metabolic pathway of carminic acid has never been identified.

Isolate PC-170-Induced Expression of Marker Genes for Defense Pathways in Tomatoes Challenged by Different Pathogens.

is a fungal parasite of nematode eggs. Studies have shown that some strains of can promote plant growth and induce plants' systemic resistance to root-knot nematodes by colonizing in their roots. This study aimed to verify the effect of the PC-170 strain on tomato growth and systemic resistance.

[Community Characteristics of Methanogens and Methanogenic Pathways in Salt-tolerant Rice Soil].

It is known that methanogens play a critical role in the carbon cycle in soil, while methanogen community characteristics and their environmental influencing factors in the soil planted with salt-tolerant rice remain unclear. In this study, methanogen abundance, community composition, and relationships with environmental factors in soils planted with the salt-tolerant rice (YC1703) and ordinary rice (Lindao 10) were evaluated in the rice improvement demonstration base of Qingdao Wisdom Agricultural Industry using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The results indicated that the abundance and community richness of methanogens in Lindao 10 soil were significantly higher than those in YC1703 soil, and methanogens in YC1703 soil exhibited higher diversity.

Docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids and eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating sirtuin 1 pathways.

Some chronic diseases such as cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) and obesity are associated with the overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) that stimulates excess lipolysis in adipocytes. Our previous studies have shown that docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids (DHA-PL) and eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids (EPA-PL) ameliorated CAC and obesity-related metabolic disorders. To identify the molecular mechanisms involved, we examined the impact and the associated signaling pathways of DHA-PL and EPA-PL on TNF-α-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Characterization of a novel type of carbonic anhydrase that acts without metal cofactors.

Background: Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are universal metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide (CO) and bicarbonate (HCO). They are involved in various biological processes, including pH control, respiration, and photosynthesis. To date, eight evolutionarily unrelated classes of CA families (α, β, γ, δ, ζ, η, θ, and ι) have been identified.

Biocontrol Efficacy of Strain Bc-cm103 Against .

Root-knot nematodes ( spp.) are soilborne pathogens that infect vegetable crops and cause major economic losses worldwide annually. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel nematicides or biological control agents to reduce the damage caused by root-knot nematodes.

Volatile Organic Compounds of Strain Bc-cm103 Exhibit Fumigation Activity against .

strain Bc-cm103 shows nematicidal activity and, therefore, has been used as a biological control agent to control the root-knot nematode . However, it remains unknown whether volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by strain Bc-cm103 are effective in biocontrol against . Therefore, in this study, we investigated the activity of Bc-cm103 VOCs against .

Author Correction: Iron acquisition system of Sphingobium sp. strain SYK-6, a degrader of lignin-derived aromatic compounds.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Iron acquisition system of Sphingobium sp. strain SYK-6, a degrader of lignin-derived aromatic compounds.

Iron, an essential element for all organisms, acts as a cofactor of enzymes in bacterial degradation of recalcitrant aromatic compounds. The bacterial family, Sphingomonadaceae comprises various degraders of recalcitrant aromatic compounds; however, little is known about their iron acquisition system. Here, we investigated the iron acquisition system in a model bacterium capable of degrading lignin-derived aromatics, Sphingobium sp.

[Differences Between DNA- and RNA-Based Bacterial Communities in Marine Sediments].

Microorganisms in marine sediments play crucial roles in biogeochemical processes. Currently, 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing is popular for studying bacterial communities; however, the DNA used in analysis can include not only that from active microorganisms but also that from inactive microorganisms, while the RNA can represent active microorganisms and more recent activity in the environment; therefore, a study of the difference between the total bacterial community based on the 16S rRNA gene and the active bacterial community based on 16S rRNA will support a better understanding of bacterial community structure and function in marine sediments. In this study, the total and active bacterial community structures in surface sediments from the Bohai Sea and South Yellow Sea were investigated at DNA and RNA level using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Illumina high-throughput sequencing, respectively.

FLIM-FRET-Based Structural Characterization of a Class-A GPCR Dimer in the Cell Membrane.

Class-A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to homo-dimerize in the membrane. Yet, methods to characterize the structure of GPCR dimer in the native environment are lacking. Accordingly, the molecular basis and functional relevance of the class-A GPCR dimerization remain unclear.