Racial salience modulated the face race lightness illusion: A comparative study of Caucasians and Asians.

Previous research has demonstrated the existence of the face race lightness (FRL) illusion. It indicates that Black faces tend to appear darker than White faces, even when their luminance values are objectively adjusted to be the same. However, the debate over the exclusive influence of face-race categories on the FRL illusion continues, with the impact of racial groups on the illusion remaining relatively unexplored.

Characteristics of tandem repeat inheritance and sympathetic nerve involvement in GAA-FGF14 ataxia.

Background: Intronic GAA repeat expansion ([GAA] ≥250) in FGF14 is associated with the late-onset neurodegenerative disorder, spinocerebellar ataxia 27B (SCA27B, GAA-FGF14 ataxia). We aim to determine the prevalence of the GAA repeat expansion in FGF14 in Chinese populations presenting late-onset cerebellar ataxia (LOCA) and evaluate the characteristics of tandem repeat inheritance, radiological features and sympathetic nerve involvement.

Methods: GAA-FGF14 repeat expansion was screened in an undiagnosed LOCA cohort (n = 664) and variations in repeat-length were analyzed in families of confirmed GAA-FGF14 ataxia patients.

Influence of protective clothing and masks on facial trustworthiness in an investment game: insights from a Chinese population study.

Facial features are important sources of information about perceived trustworthiness. Masks and protective clothing diminish the visibility of facial cues by either partially concealing the mouth and nose or covering the entire face. During the pandemic, the use of personal protective equipment affected and redefined who trusts whom in society.

Analysis of brain structural covariance network in Cushing disease.

Background: Cushing disease (CD) is a rare clinical neuroendocrine disease. CD is characterized by abnormal hypercortisolism induced by a pituitary adenoma with the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Individuals with CD usually exhibit atrophy of gray matter volume.

High familiar faces have both eye recognition and holistic processing advantages.

People recognize familiar faces better than unfamiliar faces. However, it remains unknown whether familiarity affects part-based and/or holistic processing. Wang et al.

Facial dominance augments perceived proximity: Evidence from a visual illusion.

Dominance is a major organizing principle of human societies that impacts a wide range of human behaviors, from gaze-following to voting choices. Here, we examined how dominance modulates a fundamental perceptual ability: the perception of proximity. We used the "Fat Face" illusion, a novel paradigm that measures perceived proximity implicitly.

Looking at the upper facial half enlarges the range of holistic face processing.

Previous studies suggested that upper and lower facial halves might be involved in the human holistic face processing differently. In this study, we replicated and extended the finding above. In Experiment 1, we used the standard composite-face task to measure holistic face processing when participants made judgements on the upper and lower facial halves separately.

Your face looks the same as before, only prettier: The facial skin homogeneity effects on face change detection and facial attractiveness perception.

Previous studies suggested that (1) facial attractiveness perception can be increased with facial skin homogeneity improving; and (2) human's facial change detection increases along with facial skin homogeneity increases. However, it's unknown whether a face can be perceived prettier than it did before while still being considered as physically the same. It is possible that these two kinds of cognitive-aesthetic processing may have separate mathematical functions in psychophysical studies.

The "Fat Face" illusion: A robust adaptation for processing pairs of faces.

Converging evidence has demonstrated our remarkable capacities to process individual faces. However, in real-life contexts, we rarely see faces in isolation. It is largely unknown how our visual system processes a multitude of faces.

MARCH3 negatively regulates IL-3-triggered inflammatory response by mediating K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of IL-3Rα.

Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is a hematopoietic growth factor and critical regulator of inflammatory response such as sepsis. IL-3 binds to IL-3 receptor α (IL-3Rα), which is then associated with IL-3Rβ to initiate signaling. How IL-3-triggered physiological and pathological effects are regulated at the receptor level is unclear.

The membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH3 downregulates the IL-6 receptor and suppresses colitis-associated carcinogenesis.

The IL-6-STAT3 axis is critically involved in inflammation-associated carcinogenesis (IAC). How this axis is regulated to modulate IAC remains unknown. Here, we show that the plasma membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH3 negatively regulates STAT3 activation triggered by IL-6, as well as another IL-6 subfamily member, Oncostatin M (OSM).

Disruption of Rich-Club Connectivity in Cushing Disease.

Objective: Cushing disease (CD) is a rare clinical disease in which brain structural and function are impaired as the result of excessive cortisol. However, little is known whether rich-club organization changes in patients with CD, as visualized on resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), can reverse to normal conditions after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the functional connectivity of rich-club organization is affected and whether any abnormal changes may reverse after TSS.

Impaired brain network architecture in Cushing's disease based on graph theoretical analysis.

To investigate the whole functional brain networks of active Cushing disease (CD) patients about topological parameters (small world and rich club et al.) and compared with healthy control (NC). Nineteen active CD patients and twenty-two healthy control subjects, matched in age, gender, and education, underwent resting-state fMRI.

The aging-liked alterations in Cushing's disease: A neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) study.

Purpose: Glucocorticoid (GC) is probably related to biological aging, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. Cushing's disease (CD) could represent a unique human model for examining the effects of prolonged exposure to hypercortisolism and its relationship with aging. Thus, we studied the alterations of neurites in CD patients with Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI).

Reversible and the irreversible structural alterations on brain after resolution of hypercortisolism in Cushing's disease.

The adverse effects of hypercortisolism on the human brain have been highlighted in previous studies of Cushing's disease (CD). However, the reversibility of brain damage after the resolution of hypercortisolism remains unclear. Thus, we studied the potential volumetric reversibility in biochemically remitted CD patients.

A regional composite-face effect for species-specific recognition: Upper and lower halves play different roles in holistic processing of monkey faces.

Using a composite-face paradigm, we examined the holistic processing induced by Asian faces, Caucasian faces, and monkey faces with human Asian participants in two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to judge whether the upper halves of two faces successively presented were the same or different. A composite-face effect was found for Asian faces and Caucasian faces, but not for monkey faces.

Own-Group Face Recognition Bias: The Effects of Location and Reputation.

In the present study, we examined whether social categorization based on university affiliation can induce an advantage in recognizing faces. Moreover, we investigated how the reputation or location of the university affected face recognition performance using an old/new paradigm. We assigned five different university labels to the faces: participants' own university and four other universities.

Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging analysis in patients with short-term remission of Cushing's disease.

Objective: The data on patients with short-term remission of Cushing's disease (CD) might provide information that is not available from previous long-term remission studies. We aimed to investigate structural changes in the brain in these patients and to examine whether these changes were associated with clinical characteristics.

Design: A cross-sectional study was performed.

Altered gray and white matter microstructure in Cushing's disease: A diffusional kurtosis imaging study.

Exposure to chronic hypercortisolism has multiple adverse effects on brain biology in humans. Cushing's disease (CD) represents a unique and natural human model for examining the effects of hypercortisolism on the brain. This cross-sectional study used Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) to investigate the microstructure alterations in both white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) of CD patients and to determine the relationship of these changes with clinical characteristics.

Altered spontaneous brain activity in Cushing's disease: a resting-state functional MRI study.

Context And Objective: Cushing's disease (CD) provides a unique and naturalist model for studying the influence of hypercortisolism on the human brain and the reversibility of these effects after resolution of the condition. This cross-sectional study used resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) to investigate the altered spontaneous brain activity in CD patients and the trends for potential reversibility after the resolution of the hypercortisolism. We also aim to determine the relationship of these changes with clinical characteristics and cortisol levels.

Soliton synchronization in the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation.

The focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) describes propagation of quasimonochromatic waves in weakly nonlinear media. The aim of this study is to determine conditions of soliton synchronization in the NLSE in terms of the solitons' position and phase parameters. For this purpose, the concept of asymptotic middle states of solitons in the NLSE is first introduced.

Carvacrol protects neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against Fe(2+)-induced apoptosis by suppressing activation of MAPK/JNK-NF-κB signaling pathway.

Aim: Carvacrol (2-methyl-5-isopropylphenol), a phenolic monoterpene in the essential oils of the genera Origanum and Thymus, has been shown to exert a variety of therapeutic effects. Here we examined whether carvacrol protected neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against Fe(2+)-induced apoptosis and explored the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with Fe(2+) for 24 h, and the cell viability was assessed with CCK-8 assay.

Curcumin attenuates brain edema in mice with intracerebral hemorrhage through inhibition of AQP4 and AQP9 expression.

Aim: Aquaporins (AQPs) are the water-channels that play important roles in brain water homeostasis and in cerebral edema induced by brain injury. In this study we investigated the relationship between AQPs and a neuroprotective agent curcumin that was effective in the treatment of brain edema in mice with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods: ICH was induced in mice by autologous blood infusion.

An other-race effect for configural and featural processing of faces: upper and lower face regions play different roles.

We examined whether Asian individuals would show differential sensitivity to configural vs. featural changes to own- and other-race faces and whether such sensitivity would depend on whether the changes occurred in the upper vs. lower regions of the faces.

The eye-size illusion: psychophysical characteristics, generality, and relation to holistic face processing.

Rakover [(2011). In Y. H.