Mediodorsal thalamus nucleus-medial prefrontal cortex circuitry regulates cost-benefit decision-making selections.

Value-based decision-making involves weighing costs and benefits. The activity of the medial prefrontal cortex reflects cost-benefit assessments, and the mediodorsal thalamus, reciprocally connected with the medial prefrontal cortex, has increasingly been recognized as an active partner in decision-making. However, the specific role of the interaction between the mediodorsal thalamus and the medial prefrontal cortex in regulating the neuronal activity underlying how costs and benefits influence decision-making remains largely unexplored.

Short and long-term prognosis of admission hyperglycemia in patients with and without diabetes after acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Admission hyperglycemia is associated with poor prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but the effects of baseline diabetes status on this association remain elusive. We aim to investigate the impact of admission hyperglycemia on short and long-term outcomes in diabetic and non-diabetic AMI patients.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 3330 patients with regard to first-time AMI between July 2012 and July 2020 were identified.

[Panax notoginseng: a review on chemical components, chromatographic analysis, P. notoginseng extracts, and pharmacology in recent five years].

As a famous and precious Chinese medicinal material, Panax notoginseng(PN) has been commonly used for a long history in China. As reported, PN exhibits significant pharmacological actions in protecting cardiocerebral vascular system and nervous system and suppressing tumors. In recent years, with the innovation in ideas, as well as the development of methods and equipment, PN has been extensively investigated, and notable progress has been made.

Novel insights of impacts of solid content on high solid anaerobic digestion of cow manure: Kinetics and microbial community dynamics.

High solid anaerobic digestion has become the mainstream technology for sustainable on-farm treatment of solid wastes but has not been optimized with respect to increasing solid content in cow manure (CM). In the present study, CM was batch digested at total solid (TS) of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% and microbial communities were investigated. The process remained stable up to 15% TS.

The gut microbiota regulates autism-like behavior by mediating vitamin B homeostasis in EphB6-deficient mice.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder, and the effective pharmacological treatments for the core autistic symptoms are currently limited. Increasing evidence, particularly that from clinical studies on ASD patients, suggests a functional link between the gut microbiota and the development of ASD. However, the mechanisms linking the gut microbiota with brain dysfunctions (gut-brain axis) in ASD have not yet been full elucidated.

Prediction and optimization of adsorption properties for Cson NiSiO@NiAlFe LDHs hollow spheres from aqueous solution: Kinetics, isotherms, and BBD model.

In this work, novel NiSiO@NiAlFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) hollow spheres were prepared by hydrothermal method. It was worth noting that LDHs' grafting towards NiSiO hollow spheres could avoid the LDHs' aggregation, and thus enhanced the material's adsorption capacity. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and Box-Behnken Design (BBD) model were conducted.

Erbin in Amygdala Parvalbumin-Positive Neurons Modulates Anxiety-like Behaviors.

Background: Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric diseases, affecting 28% of people worldwide within their lifetime. The excitation-inhibition imbalance in the amygdala is thought to be an underlying pathological mechanism; however, the cellular and molecular control of amygdala excitation-inhibition balance is largely unknown.

Methods: By using mice expressing chemogenetic activator or inhibitor channel in amygdala parvalbumin (PV) neurons, Erbin mutant mice, and mice with Erbin specifically knocked down in amygdala PV neurons, we systematically investigated the role of amygdala PV neurons and Erbin expressed therein in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders using the combined approaches of immunohistochemistry, electrophysiology, and behavior.

Study of an enhanced dry anaerobic digestion of swine manure: Performance and microbial community property.

Anaerobic digestion could treat organic wastes and recovery energy. Dry anaerobic digestion had advantages of low heating energy, small digester and less digestate, but its methane production was poor. In this study, an enhanced dry anaerobic digestion of swine manure (thermal treatment + dry anaerobic digestion) was proposed, and its feasibility was investigated via semi-continuous experiment.

Novel insight into high solid anaerobic digestion of swine manure after thermal treatment: Kinetics and microbial community properties.

Compared to traditional anaerobic digestion (AD), high solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) had the advantages of small digester, low heating energy and less digestate. However, the methane production was poor. In our previous study, thermal treatment (70 ± 1 °C, 3 days) without any dilution could satisfactorily enhance the methane production rate of HSAD by up to 39.

Satb2 Ablation Impairs Hippocampus-Based Long-Term Spatial Memory and Short-Term Working Memory and Immediate Early Genes (IEGs)-Mediated Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity.

Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (Satb2) is a protein binding to the matrix attachment regions of DNA and important for gene regulation. Patients with SATB2 mutation usually suffer moderate to severe mental retardation. However, the mechanisms for the defects of intellectual activities in patients with SATB2 mutation are largely unclear.

Effects of thermal treatment on high solid anaerobic digestion of swine manure: Enhancement assessment and kinetic analysis.

Anaerobic digestion (AD), which is a process for generating biogas, can be applied to the treatment of organic wastes. Owing to its smaller footprint, lower energy consumption, and less digestate, high solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) has attracted increasing attention. However, its biogas production is poor.

A meta-analysis of three identified single nucleotide polymorphisms at 1p13.3 and 1q41 and their associations with lipid levels and coronary artery disease.

The aim of this meta-analysis was to detect whether three identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs646776, rs599839, and rs17465637) at 1p13.3 and 1q41 are associated with lipid levels and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and BIOSIS were systematically searched.

Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 acts as a negative regulator of stemness in colorectal cancer cells.

Aim: To find the mechanisms by which special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) influences colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis.

Methods: Cell growth assay, colony-forming assay, cell adhesion assay and cell migration assay were used to evaluate the biological characteristics of CRC cells with gain or loss of SATB2. Sphere formation assay was used to detect the self-renewal ability of CRC cells.

[Impact of Thermal Treatment on Biogas Production by Anaerobic Digestion of High-solid-content Swine Manure].

Livestock manure is a kind of waste with high organic content and sanitation risk. In order to investigate the impact of thermal treatment on the anaerobic digestion of high-solid-content swine manure, 70 degrees C thermal treatment was conducted to treat raw manure (solid content 27.6%) without any dilution.

[Pilot study of thermal treatment/thermophilic anaerobic digestion process treating waste activated sludge of high solid content].

A pilot-scale experiment about the process of "thermal pretreatment at 70°C/thermophilic anaerobic digestion" of waste activated sludge of high solid content (8% -9% ) was conducted. The process employed thermal treatment of 3 days to accelerate the hydrolysis and thermophilic digestion to enhance anaerobic reaction. Thus it was good at organic removal and stabilization.