The search for life signatures on Mars by the Tianwen-3 Mars sample return mission.

We present the proposed strategic study, 'Integrated elements for Martian life signature exploration', to support the sampling and identification of any potential biosignatures in compliance with the engineering constraints of the Tianwen-3 mission.

Lunar rock investigation and tri-aspect characterization of lunar farside regolith by a digital twin.

Yutu-2 rover conducted an exciting expedition on the 41st lunar day to investigate a fin-shaped rock at Longji site (45.44°S, 177.56°E) by extending its locomotion margin on perilous peaks.

The role of m5C methyltransferases in cardiovascular diseases.

The global leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although advances in prevention and treatment have been made, the role of RNA epigenetics in CVD is not fully understood. Studies have found that RNA modifications regulate gene expression in mammalian cells, and m5C (5-methylcytosine) is a recently discovered RNA modification that plays a role in gene regulation.

analysis of surface composition and meteorology at the Zhurong landing site on Mars.

The Zhurong rover of the Tianwen-1 mission landed in southern Utopia Planitia, providing a unique window into the evolutionary history of the Martian lowlands. During its first 110 sols, Zhurong investigated and categorized surface targets into igneous rocks, lithified duricrusts, cemented duricrusts, soils and sands. The lithified duricrusts, analysed by using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy onboard Zhurong, show elevated water contents and distinct compositions from those of igneous rocks.

Solid-gas carbonate formation during dust events on Mars.

Electrostatic discharge experiments under simulated martian atmospheric conditions indicate that atmospheric CO has been sequestered into carbonate by the Mars dust activities during the Amazonia era.

Annexin A protein family in atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis, a silent chronic vascular pathology, is the cause of the majority of cardiovascular ischaemic events. Atherosclerosis is characterized by a series of deleterious changes in cellularity, including endothelial dysfunction, transmigration of circulating inflammatory cells into the arterial wall, pro-inflammatory cytokines production, lipid accumulation in the intima, vascular local inflammatory response, atherosclerosis-related cells apoptosis and autophagy. Proteins of Annexin A (AnxA) family, the well-known Ca phospholipid-binding protein, have many functions in regulating inflammation-related enzymes and cell signaling transduction, thus influencing cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis.

Zhurong reveals recent aqueous activities in Utopia Planitia, Mars.

The Mars' climate is cold and dry in the most recent epoch, and liquid water activities are considered extremely limited. Previous orbital data only show sporadic hydrous minerals in the northern lowlands of Mars excavated by large impacts. Using the short-wave infrared spectral data obtained by the Zhurong rover of China's Tianwen-1 mission, which landed in southern Utopia Planitia on Mars, we identify hydrated sulfate/silica materials on the Amazonian terrain at the landing site.

Polyoxometalate-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks with Unique High-Nuclearity Water Clusters.

The maximum exposure of polyoxometalates (POMs) is of great significance to enhance the catalytic performance of HKUST-1 with incorporated Keggin-type POMs. Herein, two phosphovanadomolybdates were encapsulated into the HKUST-1 via a hydrothermal method to obtain two polyoxometalate-based metal-organic frameworks, formulated as [Cu(BTC)(HO)][HPMoVO]@(HO) () and [Cu(BTC)(HO)][HPMoVO]@(HO) (). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that two compounds contain unique high-nuclearity water clusters without organic counter cations.

Role of Kruppel-like factor 4 in atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is one of the chronic progressive diseases, which is caused by vascular injury and promoted by the interaction of various inflammatory factors and inflammatory cells. In recent years, kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a significant transcription factor that participated in cell growth, differentiation and proliferation, has been proved to cause substantial impacts on regulating cardiovascular disease. This paper will give a comprehensive summary to highlight KLF4 as a crucial regulator of foam cell formation, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotypic transformation, macrophage polarization, endothelial cells inflammation, lymphocyte differentiation and cell proliferation in the process of atherosclerosis.

Synthesis, crystal structures and magnetic properties of two heterometallic {LnCr} (Ln = Gd and Tb) complexes with one-dimensional wave chain structure.

Two isomorphic heterometallic 3d-4f cluster-based materials, formulated [GdCr(IN)(μ-O)(μ-OH)(μ-O)(HO)]·13HO (1) and [TbCr(IN)(μ-O)(μ-OH)(μ-O)(HO)]·13HO (2) (abbreviation: {LnCr}: Ln = Gd (1); Tb (2); HIN = isonicotinic acid), were achieved by hydro-/solvothermal method through using the ligand HIN. X-ray diffraction analysis illustrates eight lanthanide ions (Ln = Gd, Tb) and four transition-metal ions (Cr) of {LnCr} were constructed from two classical "drum-like" {LnCr} structures associated by organic ligands HIN, displaying a one-dimensional wave chain structure, which is rare. The magnetic properties of {GdCr} were inspected and showed the existence of antiferromagnetic coupling interactions between contiguous metal ions.

Dalangtan Saline Playa in a Hyperarid Region on Tibet Plateau: II. Preservation of Salts with High Hydration Degrees in Subsurface.

Based on a field expedition to the Dalangtan (DLT) saline playa located in a hyperarid region (Qaidam Basin) on the Tibet Plateau and follow-up investigations, we report the mineralogy and geochemistry of the salt layers in two vertical stratigraphic cross sections in the DLT playa. Na-, Ca-, Mg-, KCaMg-sulfates; Na-, K-, KMg-chlorides; mixed (K, Mg)-chloride-sulfate; and chlorate and perchlorate were identified in the collected samples. This mineral assemblage represents the last-stage precipitation products from Na-K-Mg-Ca-Cl-SO brine and the oxychlorine formation from photochemistry reaction similar to other hyperarid regions on Earth.

[Expression of orexin receptor 1 in rat pancreatic tissue with alimentary obesity].

Objective: To identify the presence of orexin receptor 1 (OXR1) in obese rat pancreas and clarify its effect and mechanism on body weight and metabolic index in obese rats.

Methods: The obese rat model was established a high-fat diet. And the serum levels of glucose, triglyceride and insulin were measured by Mini-Blood Glucose meter, biochemical enzymatic method and chemiluminescent immunoassay.

Transcriptional activation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 by 17beta-estradiol in SaOS-2 cells.

Osteoblasts can synthesize the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), which may either enhance or attenuate IGF-stimulated bone cell proliferation. Since estrogen induced osteoblastic differentiation and proliferation through an estrogen-responsive gene in target cells, we investigated the effects of estrogen on IGFBP-6 expression in the human osteoblastic-like cell line SaOS-2. Expressions of IGFBP-6 protein and mRNA increased 2.

[Effect of dioxin on apoptosis of osteogenic sarcoma cells and regulation on gene expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6].

Objective: To investigate the effect of the environmental carcinogenic factor-TCDD (2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) on cell apoptosis and gene regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP-6) in osteogenic sarcoma (SaOS-2) cells.

Methods: The SaOS-2 cells were cultured with TCDD (1 x 10(-9), 1 x 10(-8), 1 x 10(-7) mol/L) for 24 hours. The MTT reduction assay and flow cytometry were used to measure the cell proliferation and the cell apoptosis in TCDD-treated SaOS-2 cells.

Retinoic acid down-regulates bone morphogenetic protein 7 expression in rat with cleft palate.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) in rat fetus with cleft palate, and the effects of RA on proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblasts.

Methods: All-trans RA (ATRA) was used to induce congenital cleft palate in Wistar rat BMP-7 mRNA expression in maxillary bone tissue of fetal rats was measured by Northern blotting analysis. Flow cytometry and MTT assay were used to measure the apoptosis and proliferation of ATRA-treated MC-3T3-E1 cells.

Effects of acute hypoglycemia on the orexin system in rat.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of acute glucose level changes on expression of prepro-orexin, orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) and orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) mRNA in rat hypothalamus tissue and pancreatic islets cells.

Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 10). The acute hypoglycemia rat model was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of insulin.