Hybrid Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for a Parallel Batching Distributed Flow-Shop Problem With Deteriorating Jobs.

In this article, we propose a hybrid artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to solve a parallel batching distributed flow-shop problem (DFSP) with deteriorating jobs. In the considered problem, there are two stages as follows: 1) in the first stage, a DFSP is studied and 2) after the first stage has been completed, each job is transferred and assembled in the second stage, where the parallel batching constraint is investigated. In the two stages, the deteriorating job constraint is considered.

Dietary sodium intakes and food sources of sodium in Canadian-born and Asian-born individuals of Chinese ethnicity at a Canadian university campus.

Objective: To document the sodium intake and food sources of sodium of Canadian-born Chinese (CBC) and Asian-born Chinese (ABC) individuals at a Canadian university campus.

Participants: Healthy adults aged 18-58 years originating from Canada, China, Hong Kong, or Taiwan were recruited from the University of Alberta (n=40 CBC, n=41 ABC) between May and December 2010.

Methods: Two in-person multipass 24-hour dietary recall interviews were administered for 1 weekday and 1 weekend day.

Dairy foods are an important source of calcium and vitamin D among Canadian-born and Asian-born Chinese in Edmonton, Alberta.

Low intakes of calcium and vitamin D increase the risk for osteoporosis, bone fracture, and other health problems. This study aimed to examine the calcium and vitamin D intakes of Canadian-born Chinese (CBC) and Asian-born Chinese (ABC) in Edmonton, Canada, and to identify usual food sources of these nutrients. We hypothesized that CBC would have higher intakes of calcium and vitamin D than ABC and that the food sources of these nutrients would differ by region of birth (Canada vs Asia).