Metabolomics and proteomics analyses of Chrysanthemi Flos: a mechanism study of changes in proteins and metabolites by processing methods.

Background: Chrysanthemi Flos is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of medicinal use. Prior research suggests that the intrinsic composition of Chrysanthemi Flos is affected by shade-drying and oven-drying methods. Nevertheless, the effects of these methods on the proteins and metabolites of Chrysanthemi Flos have not been extensively studied.

Frame-rate adaptive fractionally spaced equalization enabled high-throughput optical camera communication.

Optical camera communication (OCC) has garnered worldwide research attention, due to its immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and efficient utilization of spectrum resources. However, the limited bandwidth of the OCC system and the timing offset of the camera result in low system throughput. To enhance the OCC throughput, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a frame-rate adaptive fractionally spaced equalization algorithm (FA-FSE) for the joint mitigation of severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) and timing offset arising in OCC.

Bias-drift insensitive full-field frequency response characterization of a thin-film lithium niobate-based intensity modulator.

We propose a rapid and precise scheme for characterizing the full-field frequency response of a thin-film lithium niobate-based intensity modulator (TFLN-IM) via a specially designed multi-tone microwave signal. Our proposed scheme remains insensitive to the bias-drift of IM. Experimental verification is implemented with a self-packaged TFLN-IM with a 3 dB bandwidth of 30 GHz.

Visible-Light-Promoted Decarboxylative Alkylation/Cyclization of Vinylcycloalkanes.

An efficient strategy for visible-light-promoted decarboxylative alkylation of vinylcyclopropanes with alkyl -(acyloxy)phthalimide esters through the dual C-C bond and single N-O bond cleavage, employing triphenylphosphine and lithium iodide as the photoredox system to synthesize 2-alkylated 3,4-dihydronaphthalenes, has been established. This alkylation/cyclization involves a radical process and undergoes a sequence of -(acyloxy)phthalimide ester single-electron reduction, N-O bond cleavage, decarboxylative, alkyl radical addition, C-C bond cleavage, and intramolecular cyclization. Moreover, using the photocatalyst Na-Eosin Y instead of triphenylphosphine and lithium iodide, the vinyl transfer products are acquired when vinylcyclobutanes or vinylcyclopentanes are utilized as alkyl radical receptors.

Visible-Light-Induced Synthesis of Alkylsulfonated Isoquinolinones from 2-Aryl Indoles/Benzimidazoles through Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide.

A visible-light-induced three-component reaction of 2-aryl indoles/benzimidazoles, Hantzsch esters, and sodium pyrosulfite through a radical cascade cyclization process with the insertion of sulfur dioxide is described. It provides a novel and powerful way for the synthesis of alkylsulfonated isoquinolinones. Hantzsch esters and NaSO are employed as alkyl radical precursors and SO surrogate, respectively.

E-eye, flash GC E-nose and HS-GC-MS combined with chemometrics to identify the adulterants and geographical origins of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen.

Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), a valuable seed food, has faced increasing authenticity issues. In this study, the adulterants and geographical origins of ZSS were successfully identified by electronic eye, flash gas chromatography electronic nose (Flash GC e-nose) and headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). As a result, there were color differences between ZSS and adulterants, mainly represented by the a* value of ZSS was less than adulterants.

[Rapid identification and differential markers of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces of different sources based on Heracles Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose].

Since Curcumae Radix decoction pieces have multiple sources, it is difficult to distinguish depending on traditional cha-racters, and the mixed use of multi-source Curcumae Radix will affect its clinical efficacy. Heracles Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose was used in this study to quickly identify and analyze the odor components of 40 batches of Curcumae Radix samples from Sichuan, Zhejiang, and Guangxi. Based on the odor fingerprints established for Curcumae Radix decoction pieces of multiple sources, the odor components was identified and analyzed, and the chromatographic peaks were processed and analyzed to establish a rapid identification method.

Visible-light-promoted radical cascade alkylation/cyclization: access to alkylated indolo/benzoimidazo[2,1-]isoquinolin-6(5)-ones.

A new protocol is herein described for the direct generation of alkylated indolo/benzoimidazo[2,1-]isoquinolin-6(5)-one derivatives by using Hantzsch esters as alkylation radical precursors using a photoredox/KSO system. This oxidative alkylation of active alkenes involves a radical cascade cyclization process and a sequence of Hantzsch ester single electron oxidation, C-C bond cleavage, alkylation, arylation and oxidative deprotonation.

[Prediction of material basis and mechanism of Curcumae Rhizoma in treatment of coronary heart disease].

Coronary heart disease(CHD) is a common cardiovascular disease in clinical practice. Curcumae Rhizoma(CR), an important herbal medicine for breaking blood stasis and resolving mass, is often used for the treatment of CHD caused by blood stasis syndrome. However, the anti-CHD components, targets, and mechanism are still unclear.

[Research status and prospects of integration of habitat processing and processing of Chinese medicinal decoction pieces].

The integration of habitat processing and processing of Chinese medicinal decoction pieces(hereinafter referred to as "integration") has changed the traditional processing mode and can ensure the quality of Chinese medicinal decoction pieces from the source. This paper introduced the background of integration from the connotation and denotation of integration, relevant policies and regulations, and variety development. The present situation of integration was analyzed from the existing problems and current research progress, and the development suggestions were proposed.

Alkylation/Ipso-cyclization of Active Alkynes Leading to 3-Alkylated Aza- and Oxa-spiro[4,5]-trienones.

A method for the preparation of 3-alkylated spiro[4.5]trienones alkylation/ipso-cyclization of activated alkynes with 4-alkyl-DHPs under transition-metal-free conditions is proposed. This alkylation successively undergoes the generation of alkyl radicals, addition of alkyl radicals to the alkynes, and intramolecular ipso-cyclization.

[Efficacy-related substances of blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicinals derived from Curcuma plants: a review].

Derived from Curcuma plants, Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, Curcumae Rhizoma, Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum, and Curcumae Radix are common blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicinals in clinical practice, which are mainly used to treat amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, chest impediment and heart pain, and rheumatic arthralgia caused by blood stasis block. According to modern research, the typical components in medicinals derived from Curcuma plants, like curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, curdione, germacrone, curcumol, and β-elemene, have the activities of hemorheology improvement, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-thrombosis, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and anti-fibrosis, thereby activating blood and resolving stasis. However, due to the difference in origin, medicinal part, processing, and other aspects, the efficacy and clinical application are different.

Transition-metal-free alkylation strategy: facile access to alkylated oxindoles alkyl transfer.

The transition-metal-free alkylation/cyclization of activated alkenes using Hantzsch ester derivatives as effective alkyl reagents is described. A wide variety of valuable oxindoles was constructed in a single step with excellent selectivity. The reaction occurs through the formation of alkyl radical species followed by the tandem addition/annulation of olefins under oxidative conditions.

Visible-Light-Induced Transition-Metal-Free Nitrogen-Centered Radical Strategy for the Synthesis of 2-Acylated 9-Pyrrolo[1,2-]indoles.

A convenient and efficient visible-light-induced tandem acylation/cyclization of -propargylindoles with aryl- or alkyl-substituted acyl oxime esters for the synthesis of 2-acyl-substituted 9-pyrrolo[1,2-]indoles under transition-metal-free conditions, which proceeds nitrogen-centered radical-mediated cleavage of the C-C σ-bond in acyl oxime esters, is established. The aryl or alkyl acyl radicals, which come from acyl oxime esters, attack the C-C triple bonds in -propargylindoles and then go through intramolecular cyclization/isomerization.

4-Phenylbutyric acid improves free fatty acid-induced hepatic insulin resistance in vivo.

Plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) are elevated in obesity and can induce insulin resistance via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, it is unknown whether hepatic insulin resistance caused by the elevation of plasma FFAs is alleviated by chemical chaperones. Rats received one of the following i.

Deficiency of a glycogen synthase-associated protein, Epm2aip1, causes decreased glycogen synthesis and hepatic insulin resistance.

Glycogen synthesis is a major component of the insulin response, and defective glycogen synthesis is a major portion of insulin resistance. Insulin regulates glycogen synthase (GS) through incompletely defined pathways that activate the enzyme through dephosphorylation and, more potently, allosteric activation. We identify Epm2aip1 as a GS-associated protein.

Duration of rise in free fatty acids determines salicylate's effect on hepatic insulin sensitivity.

We have shown in rats that sodium salicylate (SS), which inhibits IkBa kinase B (IKKB), prevents hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance caused by short-term (7  h) i.v. administration of Intralipid and heparin (IH).