Analysis and Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Canned Minced Chicken and Pork during Processing.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent important toxic compounds formed in meat products during processing. This study aims to analyze 22 PAHs by QuEChERS coupled with GC-MS/MS in canned minced chicken and pork during processing. After marinating raw minced chicken and pork separately with a standard flavoring formula used for canning meat in Taiwan, they were subjected to different processing conditions including stir-frying, degassing and sterilizing at 115 °C/60 min (low-temperature-long-time, LTLT) and 125 °C/25 min (high-temperature-short-time, HTST).

The evaluation of catechins reducing heterocyclic aromatic amine formation: Structure-activity relationship and mechanism speculation.

The favorable inhibitory effect of tea polyphenols on heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) has been confirmed in many past studies. The objective of this study was to investigate the structure-activity relationship of catechins that act as inhibitors of HAA formation in chemical models. Two kinds of quantitative structure-activity relationship models for catechin-inhibiting-HAA were established.

A systematic study on the chemical model of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formation from nutrients (glucose, amino acids, fatty acids) in food.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), prominent carcinogens formed during food processing, pose health risks through long-term consumption. This study focuses on 16 priority PAHs in the European Union, investigating their formation during pyrolysis. Glucose, amino acids and fatty acids are important food nutrients.

Exploring the roles of excess amino acids, creatine, creatinine, and glucose in the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines by UPLC-MS/MS.

The prevention and control of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) formation to mitigate of potential risks to humans, can be achieved by targeting their precursors. In this study, the detailed roles of individual and excess component (20 common α-amino acids, creatine, creatinine, and glucose) on HAA formation in roasted beef patties were examined using UPLC-MS/MS. The results confirmed the reported classical precursors of HAAs.

A comparative study on inhibition of lung cancer cells by nanoemulsion, nanoliposome, nanogold and their folic acid conjugates prepared with collagen peptides from Taiwan tilapia skin.

Valorization of fish processing waste to obtain value-added products such as collagen and bioactive peptides is a vital strategy to increase the economic value, reduce disposal problems, and prevent harmful impacts on both environment and health. This study aims to isolate two collagen peptides from Taiwan Tilapia skin and prepare 12 nanopeptides including nanoemulsion (NE), nanoliposome (NL), and nanogold (NG) without and with folic acid/chitosan (FA/CH) or FA ligand conjugation for comparison of their inhibition efficiency towards lung cancer cells A549 and normal lung cells MRC5. Acid-soluble collagen (yield, 21.

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons via GC-MS/MS and Heterocyclic Amines via UPLC-MS/MS in Crispy Pork Spareribs for Studying Their Formation during Frying.

This study aims to explore the effects of frying conditions on the formation of HAs and PAHs in crispy pork spareribs, a popular meat commodity sold on Taiwan's market. Raw pork spareribs were marinated, coated with sweet potato powder, and fried in soybean oil and palm oil at 190 °C/6 min or 150 °C/12 min, followed by an analysis of HAs and PAHs via QuEChERS coupled with UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS, respectively. Both HAs and PAHs in pork spareribs during frying followed a temperature- and time-dependent rise.

Analyzing Financial Efficiency of Public-Private Partnerships Hospitals in Taiwan.

This study evaluates the management capacity ability and profitable capacity of eight public-private partnership hospitals in Taiwan from 2015 to 2020. By conducting various ratio analyses of the financial statement, this study found these hospitals have achieved a balance between management efficiency and profitability, thereby confirming the viability of the PPP model for hospital management. In addition, the subject hospitals play a vital role as isolation hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Effect of pre-harvest sanitizer treatments on Listeria survival, sensory quality and bacterial community dynamics on leafy green vegetables grown under commercial conditions.

Leafy green vegetables (LGVs) have large surface areas and can be colonized by various microorganisms including pathogens. In this study, we investigated the effect of pre-harvest sanitizer treatments on the survival of inoculated proxy pathogen Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 and the natural microbial community of mizuna, rocket (arugula), red chard and spinach grown under commercial conditions. Electrolyzed water (e-water), peracetic acid (PAA), and 1-bromo-3-chloro-5-dimethylhydantoin (BCDMH) were tested against water controls.

Effects of Oil and Processing Conditions on Formation of Heterocyclic Amines and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Pork Fiber.

Toxic compounds such as heterocyclic amines (HAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be produced during food processing, especially meat products. This study aims to monitor the formation of HAs and PAHs in fried pork fiber, a common meat product in Taiwan, at different processing conditions. A total of six experimental groups, including raw pork tenderloin, dried pork filaments, sesame oil-stir-fried pork at 160 °C for 15 min, sesame oil-stir-fried pork at 200 °C for 6 min, lard-stir-fried pork at 160 °C for 15 min, and lard-stir-fried pork at 200 °C for 6 min, were prepared and analyzed for formation of HAs via UPLC-MS/MS and PAHs via GC-MS/MS in triplicate.

Emergent use of tube tip in pharynx technique in "cannot intubate cannot oxygenate" situation: A case report.

Background: A "cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate (CICO)" situation is a life-threatening condition that requires emergent management to establish a route for oxygenation to prevent oxygen desaturation. In this paper, we describe airway management in a patient with an extended parotid tumor that invaded the airways during CICO using the endotracheal tube tip in the pharynx (TTIP) technique.

Case Summary: A 43-year-old man was diagnosed with parotid tumor for > 10 years.

Formation and Inhibition of Heterocyclic Amines and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ground Pork during Marinating.

This study aims to simultaneously extract heterocyclic amines (HAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from ground pork for respective analysis by UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS, and study the effects of different flavorings and marinating time length on their formation and inhibition. Results showed that both HA and PAH contents followed a time-dependent increase during marinating, with HAs being more susceptible to formation than PAHs. The total HA contents in unmarinated pork and juice was, respectively, 61.

Sugammadex for reversing neuromuscular blockages after lung surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This study determined whether sugammadex was associated with a lower risk of postoperative pulmonary complications and improved outcomes in lung surgeries.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from January 2000 to March 2022. The characteristics of lung surgeries using sugammadex treatment compared with control drugs and postoperative outcomes were retrieved.

Does surgical plethysmographic index-guided analgesia affect opioid requirement and extubation time? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This meta-analysis of all relevant clinical trials investigated surgical plethysmographic index (SPI)-guided analgesia's efficacy under general anesthesia for perioperative opioid requirement and emergence time after anesthesia.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2022 to identify clinical trials comparing SPI-guided and conventional clinical practice for patients who underwent general anesthesia. With the random-effects model, we compared intraoperative opioid consumption, emergence time, postoperative pain, analgesia requirement, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).

Corrigendum: Ancestral Sequence Reconstructions of MotB Are Proton-Motile and Require MotA for Motility.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.

Ancestral Sequence Reconstructions of MotB Are Proton-Motile and Require MotA for Motility.

The bacterial flagellar motor (BFM) is a nanomachine that rotates the flagellum to propel many known bacteria. The BFM is powered by ion transit across the cell membrane through the stator complex, a membrane protein. Different bacteria use various ions to run their BFM, but the majority of BFMs are powered by either proton (H) or sodium (Na) ions.

Crosstalk of Phosphorylation and Arginine Methylation in Disordered SRGG Repeats of Saccharomycescerevisiae Fibrillarin and Its Association with Nucleolar Localization.

Crosstalk exists when two or more post-translational modifications, nearby in sequence or 3D space, affect each other or a protein's interactions. Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Npl3p has six repeats of sequence SRGG, in a disordered domain, which can carry arginine methylation and serine phosphorylation. Crosstalk of the modifications controls Npl3p interactions with nuclear import, export, and other proteins.

Different Pathways Mediate Amphotericin-Lactoferrin Drug Synergy in and .

Fungal infections are an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality. Current antifungal drugs are limited in spectrum, few new drugs are in development, and resistance is an increasing issue. Drug synergy can enhance available drugs and extend their lifetime, however, few synergistic combinations are in clinical use and mechanistic data on how combinations work is lacking.

Evolution of the Stator Elements of Rotary Prokaryote Motors.

The bacterial flagellar motor is driven by an ion flux that is converted to torque by motor-attendant complexes known as stators. The dynamics of stator assembly around the motor in response to external stimuli have been the subject of much recent research, but less is known about the evolutionary origins of stator complexes and how they select for specific ions. Here, we review the latest structural and biochemical data for the stator complexes and compare these with other ion transporters and microbial motors to examine possible evolutionary origins of the stator complex.

Transcriptome and network analyses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveal that amphotericin B and lactoferrin synergy disrupt metal homeostasis and stress response.

Invasive fungal infections are difficult to treat. The few available antifungal drugs have problems with toxicity or efficacy, and resistance is increasing. To overcome these challenges, existing therapies may be enhanced by synergistic combination with another agent.

Synergy and antagonism between iron chelators and antifungal drugs in Cryptococcus.

Fungal infections remain very difficult to treat, and developing new antifungal drugs is difficult and expensive. Recent approaches therefore seek to augment existing antifungals with synergistic agents that can lower the therapeutic dose, increase efficacy and prevent resistance from developing. Iron limitation can inhibit microbial growth, and iron chelators have been employed to treat fungal infections.

Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis of clinical isolates of Aspergillus flavus from Iran reveals the first cases of Aspergillus minisclerotigenes associated with human infection.

Background: Aspergillus flavus is intensively studied for its role in infecting crop plants and contaminating produce with aflatoxin, but its role as a human pathogen is less well understood. In parts of the Middle East and India, A. flavus surpasses A.