Reprogramming Dysfunctional Dendritic Cells by a Versatile Catalytic Dual Oxide Antigen-Captured Nanosponge for Remotely Enhancing Lung Metastasis Immunotherapy.

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in initiating antitumor immune responses. However, in the tumor environment, dendritic cells often exhibit impaired antigen presentation and adopt an immunosuppressive phenotype, which hinders their function and reduces their ability to efficiently present antigens. Here, a dual catalytic oxide nanosponge (DON) doubling as a remotely boosted catalyst and an inducer of programming DCs to program immune therapy is reported.

Comparison between virtual reality and traditional lecture methods in educating respiratory therapy students on pediatric difficult airway diseases.

Background: Pediatric airway diseases are associated with complex challenges because of smaller and more dynamic airway structures in children. These conditions, along with specialized management by medical care staff, should be immediately and precisely recognized to prevent life-threatening obstructions and long-term respiratory complications. Recently, virtual reality (VR) has emerged as an innovative approach to clinical medical education.

Machine Learning Analysis of Factors Influencing Pediatric Telehealth Visits During COVID-19: A State-Level Comparison Using 2021-22 National Survey of Children's Health Data.

: The COVID-19 pandemic reduced in-person pediatric visits in the United States by over 50%, while telehealth visits increased significantly. The national use of telehealth for children and the factors influencing their use have been rarely studied. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of telehealth use during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore the potential factors linked to its use at the state level.

Trajectory Analysis for Identifying Classes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children of the United States.

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a mental health disorder that affects attention and behavior. People with ADHD frequently encounter challenges in social interactions, facing issues, like social rejection and difficulties in interpersonal relationships, due to their inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.

Methods: A National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) database was employed to identify patterns of ADHD symptoms.

The Road to Reintegration: Evaluating the Effectiveness of VA Healthcare in Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment Retention for Veterans with Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders.

Introduction: Veterans diagnosed with mental health and/or substance use disorders (SUD) often face significant barriers to employment and reintegration into civilian society. In the current study, we investigated whether how the VA healthcare system for mental health and/or SUD treatment predicted program enrollment into vocational rehabilitation, simultaneous mental health and/or SUD treatment while enrolled in vocational rehabilitation predicted employment at discharge, and mental health and/or SUD treatment continues and employment remain 60-days-post-vocational-rehabilitation discharge.

Methods: An outcome-based, summative program evaluation design to measure quality assurance of vocational rehabilitation services provided to 402 veteran patients enrolled in a VA healthcare located within the Great Lakes Health Care System - Veterans Integrated Services Network.

The impact of premature rupture of membrane on neonatal outcomes in infants born at 34 weeks gestation or later.

Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROMs) is a known risk for adverse neonatal outcomes, often leading to neonatal hospitalization due to suspected perinatal infection or other issues. This study assesses PROM's clinical impact on neonatal outcomes in infants born at 34 weeks of gestation or later.

Methods: We studied hospitalized neonates born between December 2018 and November 2019, with gestational ages of 34 weeks or more and PROM diagnosis.

Lung metastasis-Harnessed in-Situ adherent porous organic nanosponge-mediated antigen capture for A self-cascaded detained dendritic cells and T cell infiltration.

The infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes promises to suppress the most irresistible metastatic tumor for immunotherapy, yet immune privilege and low immunogenic responses in these aggressive clusters often restrict lymphocyte recruitment. Here, an in situ adherent porous organic nanosponge (APON) doubles as organ selection agent and antigen captor to overcome immune privilege is developed. With selective organ targeting, the geometric effect of APON composed of disc catechol-functionalized covalent organic framework (COF) boosts the drug delivery to lung metastases.

Weight growth velocity and growth outcomes in very-low-birth-weight infants developing major morbidities.

Background: Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) is common in very-low-birth-weight-infants and may be associated with poor neurodevelopment. The growth velocity of preterm infants is increasing over decades, but the relationship between growth velocity, EUGR, and morbidities of preterm infants remains unknown.

Methods: A total of 263 infants born between 2012 and 2020, with birthweight <1500 g and gestational age of 24-33 weeks, were included.

Sustained pharyngeal inflation in infant airway-Flexible bronchoscopy measurements.

Sustained pharyngeal inflation (SPI) with pharyngeal oxygen flow and nasal closure (PhO2-NC) technique create positive inflation pressure in the airway. This study measured the peak inflation pressure (PIP) levels and image changes with SPI-assisted flexible bronchoscopy (SPI-FB) and compared the effects in the pharyngeal space and mid-tracheal lumen. This prospective study enrolled 20 participants aged 6 months to 3 years.

Disparities in program enrollment and employment outcomes for veterans with psychiatric and co-occurring substance use disorders referred or enrolled for VHA vocational rehabilitation.

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to investigate factors that influence vocational rehabilitation program enrollment and employment at discharge of veterans with psychiatric and co-occurring alcohol and other substance use disorders enrolled at a veteran health administration (VHA) medical center.

Methods: A sample of 2,550 veteran patients referred for VHA vocational rehabilitation between 2016 and 2021 were examined for the current study. The current study was classified as quality improvement/assurance, thus resulting in exempt research by the U.

Association between maternal factors and fetal macrosomia in full-term singleton births.

Background: Macrosomia, defined as a birth weight of ≥4000 g, is associated with a high risk of birth injury. Fetal growth is highly correlated with maternal conditions, and several maternal factors are associated with neonatal birth size. The current study aimed to assess maternal factors related to fetal macrosomia in a Taiwanese population.

Flexible Endoscopy With Non-invasive Ventilation Enables Clinicians to Assess and Manage Infants With Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the efficacy of flexible endoscopy (FE) to assess the approachable aeroesophageal tract (AET) and subsequent changes in clinical management in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (sBPD).

Methods: This retrospective study investigated sBPD infants who received FE measurement from 2011 to 2020. FE was supported with non-invasive ventilation (FE-NIV) of pharyngeal oxygen with nose closure and abdominal compression without any mask or laryngeal mask airway.

Factors associated with postoperative respiratory conditions and critical outcomes on pediatric liver transplantation: A single-center experience.

Background: Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is an established therapeutic option for pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD). The postoperative respiratory conditions of OLT recipients may be associated with subsequent clinical outcomes including length of stay (LOS) in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This study aimed to characterize the postoperative respiratory conditions, associated factors, and outcomes after pediatric OLT.

Risk factors and predictive markers for early and late-onset neonatal bacteremic sepsis in preterm and term infants.

Background: The early detection and prediction of bacteremic sepsis in preterm and term neonates remains a challenging task because of their nonspecific clinical presentations. We aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with bacteremia and find the cutoff values of predictive markers to achieve accurate diagnosis of neonatal bacteremic sepsis.

Methods: Not-doing-well preterm and term neonates with suspected sepsis were retrospectively enrolled between January 2015 and December 2017 in Taipei Veterans General Hospital.

Sustained pharyngeal inflation on upper airway effects in children-Flexible bronchoscopy measurement.

Objective: Sustained pharyngeal inflation (SPI) with pharyngeal oxygen and nose-closure (PhO -NC) can create positive peak inflation pressure (PIP) inside the pharyngolaryngeal space (PLS). This study measured and compared the effects of four different SPI durations in the PLS.

Methods: A prospective study, 20 consecutive children aged between 6 months and 3 years old, scheduled for elective flexible bronchoscopy (FB) suspected positive PLS findings were enrolled.

Trends in Accuracy and Comprehensiveness of Pathology Reports for Resected NSCLC in a High Mortality Area of the United States.

Introduction: Complete and accurate pathology reports are vital to postoperative prognostication and management. We evaluated the impact of three interventions across a diverse group of hospitals on pathology reports of postresection NSCLC.

Methods: We evaluated pathology reports for patients who underwent curative-intent surgical resection for NSCLC, at 11 institutions within four contiguous Dartmouth Hospital Referral Regions in Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee from 2004 to 2020, for completeness and accuracy, before and after the following three quality improvement interventions: education (feedback to heighten awareness); synoptic reporting; and a lymph node specimen collection kit.

Efficacy of intratracheal budesonide-surfactant combined therapy in surfactant-insufficient rat lungs with lipopolysaccharide insult.

Background: Intratracheal steroid therapy for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remains challenging particularly in surfactant-insufficient lungs, a common problem of neonatal or pediatric ALI. Surfactant has been used as a vehicle for intratracheal steroid in the treatment of other types of ALI. This study investigated the efficacy of intratracheal budesonide (BUD) delivered by two concentrations of surfactant in the treatment of LPS-induced ALI in surfactant-insufficient rat lungs.

Living donor liver transplantation for small infants aged less than 6 months: The experience of a single institute.

Purpose: Liver transplantation (LT) for small infants < 6 months old is rare but becoming common as perioperative care improves. In Taiwan, living donor LT (LDLT) has expanded indications but is rarely performed for this age group because of unfavorable outcomes in the literature. We evaluated LDLT outcomes of patients <6 months old.

Epigenome-scale comparison of DNA methylation between blood leukocytes and bronchial epithelial cells.

Agreement in DNA methylation (DNAm) at the genome scale between blood leukocytes (BL) and bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) is unknown. We examine as to what extent DNAm in BL is comparable with that in BEC and serves as a surrogate for BEC. Overall agreement (paired -tests with false discovery rate adjusted p > 0.

Pathophysiological effects of intravenous phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor in addition to surfactant lavage in meconium-injured newborn piglet lungs.

Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as selective phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have potential anti-inflammatory and respiratory smooth muscle relaxation effects. This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiological effects of an intravenous PDE4 inhibitor (rolipram) and surfactant lavage (SL) in a newborn piglet model of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS).

Methods: MAS was induced in 25 newborn piglets, which were randomly divided into control and four SL treatment groups administered with different doses of intravenous rolipram (0, 0.

Neonatal hospice care utilization in a tertiary hospital in Taiwan before and after the legalization of life-sustaining treatment withdrawal.

Background: The advancements in neonatal critical care have not only improved the outcomes of extreme prematurity but also prolonged the process of death in terminally ill neonates. This study analyzed the characteristics of neonates who died at a single tertiary center in Taiwan. The utilization of neonatal hospice care before and after the legalization of life-sustaining treatment (LST) withdrawal in Taiwan in 2013 was also compared.

Vallecular cyst with coexisting laryngomalacia: Successful diagnosis and laser therapy by flexible endoscopy with a novel noninvasive ventilation support in infants.

Objective: Vallecular cyst coexisting with laryngomalacia (VC-LM) can cause significant pharyngolaryngeal obstruction. Traditionally, it is diagnosed with flexible endoscopy (FE) and treated by rigid endoscopy. This study evaluates the effectiveness of solely using FE with novel noninvasive ventilation (NIV) of sustained pharyngeal inflation (SPI) support for both diagnosis and treatment in such infants.

Relationship between infectious screening and early unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in well-appearing neonates.

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH) may be the initial and solitary sign of infectious condition in neonates. This retrospective cohort study aims to evaluate the risk of sepsis or urinary tract infection in well-appearing infants with NH below 7 days old.

Methods: All neonates (n = 8779) born in Taipei Veterans General Hospital from 2013 to 2017 were evaluated retrospectively.