Antioxidant Profile and Biosafety of White Truffle Mycelial Products Obtained by Solid-State Fermentation.

Solid-state fermentation may produce therapeutic compounds with higher biomass or better product characteristics than those generated by submerged fermentation. The objectives of this study were to analyze the antioxidant activities and biosafety of products obtained by white truffle () solid-state fermentation in media with different ratios of soybean and red adlay. High levels of antioxidant components and high antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelation, and reducing power were measured in 20 mg/mL water and ethanol extracts of the white truffle fermentation products.

Dietary Administration of Novel Multistrain Probiotics from Healthy Grouper Intestines Promotes the Intestinal Immune Response against NNV Infection.

(giant grouper) is a high-value cultured species in the Asia-Pacific region. However, nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is an infectious viral disease that affects over 120 species of marine cultured species and causes high mortality, ranging from 90-100% in the grouper industry. Probiotics isolated from the intestines of healthy individuals have provided insight into novel approaches involved in the defense against viral pathogens.

Comparison of the responses of different recombinant fish type I interferons against betanodavirus infection in grouper.

The nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is an aquatic virus that can infect more than 30 species including the grouper, which is a valuable fish species in Taiwan. NNV causes up to 90-100% mortality in the aquaculture industry. Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines that stimulate the expression of numerous proteins to protect the host against viruses and possess very unique specific characteristics in fish.

Canine heat shock protein 27 promotes proliferation, migration, and doxorubicin resistance in the canine cell line DTK-F.

Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common type of tumors in female dogs. Heat shock proteins are highly expressed in many cancers and are involved in tumor progression and chemoresistance in CMTs; however, the biological role of canine heat shock protein 27 (cHSP27) in CMTs has not been thoroughly characterized. This study investigated the roles of cHSP27 in cell growth, migration, anchorage, and resistance to doxorubicin (DOX) using DTK-F cells, a CMT cell line that does not express cHSP27.

Monoclonal antibody against a putative myristoylated membrane protein encoded by grouper iridovirus 59L gene.

Groupers (Epinephelus spp.) are economically important fish species worldwide, and ranaviruses are major viral pathogens causing heavy economic losses in grouper aquaculture. In this study, the 59L gene of grouper iridovirus (GIV-59L) was cloned and characterized.

Bupivacaine induces apoptosis through caspase-dependent and -independent pathways in canine mammary tumor cells.

Local anesthetics have been reported to induce apoptosis in various cell lines. In this study, we showed that bupivacaine also induced apoptosis in DTK-SME cells, a vimentin(+)/AE1(+)/CK7(+)/HSP27(+), tumorigenic, immortalized, canine mammary tumor cell line. Bupivacaine induced apoptosis in DTK-SME cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.

Characterization of protein marker expression, tumorigenicity, and doxorubicin chemoresistance in two new canine mammary tumor cell lines.

Background: Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common type of cancer found in female dogs. Establishment and evaluation of tumor cell lines can facilitate investigations of the biological mechanisms of cancer. Different cell models are used to investigate genetic, epigenetic, and cellular pathways, cancer progression, and cancer therapeutics.

Development and application of a monoclonal antibody against grouper iridovirus (GIV) major capsid protein.

The major capsid protein (MCP) is a main structural protein of iridoviruses, and is used as a marker for the identification, differentiation and classification of ranaviruses. In the present study, six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against recombinant MCP of grouper iridovirus (GIV) were produced and characterized. All of the six mAbs were of IgG1 isotype.

Transcriptome characterization and gene expression of Epinephelus spp in endoplasmic reticulum stress-related pathway during betanodavirus infection in vitro.

Background: Grouper (Epinephelus spp) is an economically important fish species worldwide. However, viral pathogens such as nervous necrosis virus (NNV) have been causing severe infections in the fish, resulting in great loss in the grouper aquaculture industry. Yet, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of NNV is still inadequate, mainly due to insufficient genomic information of the host.

Differential viral propagation and induction of apoptosis by grouper iridovirus (GIV) in cell lines from three non-host species.

Grouper iridovirus (GIV), belonging to the Ranavirus genus of the Iridoviridae family, was demonstrated to differentially express viral genes and induce apoptosis in three non-host fish cell lines rainbow trout monocyte/macrophage (RTS11), chinook salmon embryonic (CHSE-214) and fathead minnow Epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC). These cells were challenged with GIV and virus entry into all three cell lines was confirmed by the expression of viral immediate early genes. The expression of the late major capsid protein gene was detected in CHSE-214 and EPC, but not in RTS11, suggesting an earlier termination in the viral replication cycle in RTS11.

Assessment of the tumorigenesis and drug susceptibility of three new canine mammary tumor cell lines.

Three canine mammary tumor (CMT) cell lines, namely DE-E, DE-F and DE-SF, have been established from a surgically excised specimen of a malignant mammary tumor. These CMT cell lines have been cultured for over 200 passages. The cell doubling time was estimated to be approximately 30 h for all three cell lines.

Waterlogging tolerance of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) enhanced by exogenous spermidine and spermine.

Soil flooding is a seasonal factor that negatively affects plant performance and crop yields. In order to investigate the effects of spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) on the waterlogging stress, it was checked that the content of relative water content (RWC), proline, chlorophyll and malondialdehyde (MDA), net photosynthesis, the rate of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and superoxide radicals (O(2)(-)) generation and the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.

Effects of fermentation products of Ganoderma lucidum on growth performance and immunocompetence in weanling pigs.

The purpose of this study was to test fermentation, for its products of a Chinese medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, cultured by submerged fermentation for its effect on growth performance and immunocompetence in weanling piglets. In Experiment 1, 72 weanling piglets were allotted to one of four treatments receiving these fermentation products (GLF, expressed as amount of beta-glucans) at 0 (control), 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg feed for 4 weeks. The results showed that at a supplementation level of 50 mg/kg feed, GLF caused the best growth performance, the highest pseudorabies antibody titre, and a decrease of blood glucose level.

Construction and characterization of a bifunctional enzyme with deoxyribonuclease I and thioredoxin-like activities.

One large essential (C173-C209) and one small nonessential (C101-C104) disulfide loops occur in bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I (bpDNase I). In our recent study, the reduced nonessential disulfide (-CESC-), which is structurally homologous to the active-site motif (-CGPC-) of thioredoxin, was shown to have thioredoxin-like activity. In order to gain further insight into the potential redox activity of the nonessential disulfide in bpDNase I, four double (GP, PG, WK, and KW) and two quadruple (WGPK, KPGW) mutants were constructed.

Probing the catalytic mechanism of bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I by chemical rescue.

Previous structural and mutational studies of bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I (bpDNase I) have demonstrated that the active site His134 and His252 played critical roles in catalysis. In our present study, mutations of these two His residues to Gln, Ala or Gly reduced the DNase activity by a factor of four to five orders of magnitude. When imidazole or primary amines were added exogenously to the Ala or Gly mutants, the residual DNase activities were substantially increased by 60-120-fold.

In vitro efficiency of intra- and extracellular immunization with mouse anti-YGNNV antibody against yellow grouper nervous necrosis virus.

Mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb-18) against yellow grouper nervous necrosis virus (YGNNV) coat protein was developed and assayed for its neutralization ability. In the present study, we cloned and sequenced the cDNAs encoding heavy (gamma) and light (kappa) chains by constructing a cDNA library of the MAb-18 hybridoma. Three expression vectors, pCMV-NNV-18H (gamma), pCMV-NNV-18L (kappa), and pCMV-NNV-18HL (both gamma and kappa chains) were constructed and successfully expressed in grouper brain (GB) cells.