Water state changes during the composting of kitchen waste.

Changes in water states during the composting of kitchen waste were determined. Three experiments, R(55), R(60), and R(65), with different initial moisture contents, 55%, 60%, and 65%, respectively, were performed. Three water states, entrapped water (EW), capillary water (CW), and multiple-molecular-layer water (MMLW), were monitored during the experiments.

Effects of added polyacrylamide on changes in water states during the composting of kitchen waste.

The effects of adding polyacrylamide (PAM), to attempt to delay the loss of capillary water and achieve a better level of organic matter humification, in the composting of kitchen waste were evaluated. Four treatments, with initial moisture content of 60 % were used: 0.1 % PAM added before the start of composting (R1), 0.

Characterization of residues from dismantled imported wastes.

Residues from the imported wastes dismantling process create a great burden on the ambient environment. To develop appropriate strategies for the disposal of such residues, their characteristics were studied through background value analysis and toxicity leaching tests. Our results showed that the heavy metals concentrations in residues were high, particularly those of Cu (7180 mg kg(-1)), Zn (2783 mg kg(-1)), and Pb (1954 mg kg(-1)).

Co-digestion of kitchen waste and fruit-vegetable waste by two-phase anaerobic digestion.

The high salinity and fat contents of kitchen waste (KW) inhibits the effect of two-phase anaerobic digestion system. This research introduces fruit-vegetable waste (FVW) to alleviate the inhibition effect caused by salinity and fat concentrations, and tries to achieve an optimal addition ratio of FVW, an optimal hydraulic remain time (HRT) of acidogenic-phase reactor and methanogenic-phase reactor. A two-phase anaerobic digestion (AD) system was developed to co-dispose KW and FVW.

Effect of deposit age on adsorption and desorption behaviors of ammonia nitrogen on municipal solid waste.

Ammonia nitrogen pollution control is an urgent issue of landfill. This research aims to select an optimal refuse for ammonia nitrogen removal in landfill from the point of view of adsorption and desorption behavior. MSW (municipal solid waste) samples which deposit ages were in the range of 5 to 15 years (named as R(15), R(11), R(7), and R(5)) were collected from real landfill site.

Reinvestigation on the frequency dispersion of a grating-pair compressor.

The typical phase correction term introduced in a diffraction grating-pair is rediscussed. It shows that the correction causes a conceptual difficulty in geometrical optics. A study reveals that Fraunhofer diffraction explains the correction and only mean-phase light rays are allowed for diffraction analysis.

[Analysis of aerosol concentration characteristics under continuous synoptic systems in Qingdao].

Based on weather data and data obtained by Particle Sizer GRIMM180 set up in Qingdao, aerosol was qualitively classified into sea-fog aerosol, refreshing aerosol and suspended dust aerosol. Analysis of mass concentration and number concentration of three different kinds of aerosols was conducted, and the results are shown as below: 1) total mass concentration of different kinds of aerosol is obviously different; 2) sea-fog aerosol primarily includes particles of which size ranging from 1 microm to 2.5 microm, and refreshing aerosol, includes particles of which size less than 1 microm, and suspended dust aerosol, includes particles of which size ranging from 2.