Integrated Analysis of Single-Cell and Bulk RNA-Sequencing Based on EcoTyper Machine Learning Framework Identifies Cell-State-Specific M2 Macrophage Markers Associated with Gastric Cancer Prognosis.

Background: Tumor is a complex and dynamic ecosystem formed by the interaction of numerous diverse cells types and the microenvironments they inhabit. Determining how cellular states change and develop distinct cellular communities in response to the tumor microenvironment is critical to understanding cancer progression. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important component of the tumour microenvironment and play a crucial role in cancer progression.

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Ideal and reality.

Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemoperfusion (HIPEC) is a new adjuvant therapy for the treatment of abdominal malignant tumors and metastases, which has shown great potential. The HIPEC technique can effectively kill residual lesions in the abdominal cavity through the synergistic sensitization effect of thermal chemotherapy and the circulating perfusion and washing effect of large volume perfusion fluid, thereby reducing the occurrence of malignant ascites and reducing the risk of postoperative recurrence and metastasis. However, there are still many problems in the practical operation of HIPEC, such as non-uniform distribution of perfusate temperature, inadequate perfusion due to the presence of 'dead space', incomplete cytoreductive surgery (CRS), instances of catheter obstruction during perfusate circulation, the lack of a uniform standard for selecting appropriate HIPEC techniques, occupational exposure of medical personnel during the HIPEC procedure, and the selection of HIPEC chemotherapy regimens for patients with various types of tumors.

The relationship between innate/adaptive immunity and gastrointestinal cancer : a multi-omics Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Innate/adaptive immunity is the key to anti-tumor therapy. However, its causal relationship to Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer remains unclear.

Methods: Immunity genes were extracted from the MSigDB database.

Exosomal NNMT from peritoneum lavage fluid promotes peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer.

Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is the major cause of recurrence in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and is associated with poor prognosis. The oncogenic role of Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) in GC has been reported, but the role of secreted NNMT that is transported by exosomes remains unknown. In this study, exosomes were isolated from GC patients with or without PM and from GC cell line, including GC-114, GC-026, MKN45, and SNU-16 cells.

MEX3A knockdown inhibits the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most serious causes of death in the world due to its high mortality and inefficacy treatments. MEX3A was first identified in nematodes and was associated with tumor formation and may promote cell proliferation and tumor metastasis. So far, nothing is known about the relationship between MEX3A and PDA.

[Induced differentiation of bone marrow stem cells in transplanted rat liver].

Objective: To investigate the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells in transplanted livers and its impact on the long-term survival of rats with orthotopic liver transplantation.

Methods: Twenty-four female recipient rats with orthotopic liver transplantation were randomized into blank-control group, D-hanks solution group, bone marrow stem cells group with postoperative infusion of stem cells, and the pathological changes of the liver grafts and survival time of the rats were observed. The differentiation of the bone marrow stem cells were assessed 60 days after transplantation using in situ hybridization histochemistry for Sry gene and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) immunohistochemistry.

[Human bone marrow multipotent adult progenitor cells differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells with hepatocyte growth factor plus fibroblast growth factor-4 in vitro].

Objective: To investigate the possibility of the human bone marrow multipotent adult progenitor cells (hMAPCs) to differentiate into hepatocytes with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/ fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4) in vitro.

Methods: (1) Obtaining the hMAPCs. Bone marrow was obtained from volunteers and then centrifuged through density gradient centrifugation methods.

Protein kinase C-dependent activation of P44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and heat shock protein 70 in signal transduction during hepatocyte ischemic preconditioning.

Aim: To investigate the significance of protein kinase C(PKC), P44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and heat shock protein (HSP)70 signal transduction during hepatocyte ischemic preconditioning.

Methods: In this study we used an in vitro ischemic preconditioning (IP) model for hepatocytes and an in vivo model for rat liver to investigate the significance of protein kinase C (PKC), P44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P44/42 MAPKs) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) signal transduction in IP. Through a normal liver cell hypoxic preconditioning (HP) model in which cultured normal liver cells were subjected to 3 cycles of 5 min of incubation under hypoxic conditions followed by 5 min of reoxygenation and subsequently exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation for 6 h and 9 h respectively.

[PKC-dependent activation of P44/42 MAPKs and HSP70 in signal transduction pathways during hepatocyte ischemic preconditioning].

Objective: To investigate the significance of PKC, P44/42 MAPKs and HSP70 signal transduction in IP.

Methods: Through an in vivo rat liver IP model, PKC inhibitor, activator and MEK inhibitor were utilized to analyze the phosphorylation of PKC and P44/42 MAPKs. HSP expression, AST/ALT concentration, cellular structure and ultrastructure were also observed.

[Protecting effects of p44/42 MAPK signal transduction pathway on hepatocytes in ischemic preconditioning].

Objective: To investigate the significance of PKC and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction in ischemic preconditioning (IP).

Methods: Through liver cell IP models, PKC inhibitor and MEK inhibitor were utilized to analyze the phosphorylation level of p44/42 MAPK and cell viability was also observed. Rat liver IP models were established which were treated with various drugs.