The usefulness of nanopore sequencing in whole-genome sequencing-based genotyping of and serovar Enteritidis.

Unlabelled: Bacterial genotyping through whole-genome sequencing plays a crucial role in disease surveillance and outbreak investigations in public health laboratories. This study assessed the effectiveness of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing in the genotyping of and serovar Enteritidis. Our results indicated that ONT sequences, generated with the R10.

Epidemiological trends in serotypes distribution and antimicrobial resistance in from humans in Taiwan, 2004-2022.

Objectives: , a zoonotic pathogen, significantly impacts global human health. Understanding its serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance is crucial for effective control measures and medical interventions.

Methods: We collected isolates and demographic data from Taiwanese hospitals between 2004 and 2022, analyzing their serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility.

Carbapenem resistance in extensively drug-resistant serovar Agona and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Infantis.

Carbapenem resistance arising from the loss of porins is commonly observed in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase-producing strains of certain genera, including , , and . However, this resistance mechanism is rarely reported in the genus. To address this knowledge gap, our study offers genetic evidence demonstrating that the loss of two specific porins (OmpC_378 and OmpD) is crucial for the development of carbapenem resistance in ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase-producing strains.

Epidemiological trends and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium clones in Taiwan between 2004 and 2019.

Objectives: We investigated the temporal trends of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) clones in Taiwan from 2004 to 2019, focusing on antimicrobial resistance (AMR), resistance genetic determinants, and plasmid types.

Methods: Salmonella isolates were characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), whole-genome sequencing, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Chromosome-Borne CTX-M-65 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis, Taiwan.

A CTX-M-65‒producing Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis clone, probably originating in Latin America and initially reported in the United States, has emerged in Taiwan. Chicken meat is the most likely primary carrier. Four of the 9 drug resistance genes have integrated into the chromosome: bla, tet(A), sul1, and aadA1.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Mechanisms of Azithromycin Resistance in Nontyphoidal Salmonella Isolates in Taiwan, 2017 to 2018.

Antimicrobial resistance was investigated in 2,341 nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolates recovered from humans in Taiwan from 2017 to 2018 using antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Azithromycin resistance determinants were detected in 175 selected isolates using PCR and confirmed in 81 selected isolates using whole-genome sequencing. Multidrug resistance was found in 47.

Demographic Features of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Taiwan, 1993 to 2020, and Genetic Characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis Isolates, 2003 to 2020.

We present the demographic features of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Taiwan between 1993 and 2020 and the genetic characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis isolates recovered from 2003 to 2020. IMD was rare in Taiwan between 1993 and 2020, with an annual incidence ranging from 0.009 to 0.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni from Human Campylobacteriosis in Taiwan, 2016 to 2019.

Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter Jejuni are highly resistant to most therapeutic antimicrobials in Taiwan; rapid diagnostics of resistance in bacterial isolates is crucial for the treatment of campylobacteriosis. We characterized 219 (40 C. coli and 179 C.

RamAp Is an Efflux Pump Regulator Carried by an IncHI2 Plasmid.

In investigating the epidemiological trends of Salmonella enterica serovar Goldcoast, we previously identified several closely related strains with different MICs to azithromycin and quinolones. Genome sequencing and comparison of two very similar multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, R18.0877 and R18.

Clostridioides difficile spores stimulate inflammatory cytokine responses and induce cytotoxicity in macrophages.

Clostridioides difficile is a gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacterium, and the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. During C. difficile infection, spores germinate in the presence of bile acids into vegetative cells that subsequently colonize the large intestine and produce toxins.

Integrative and Conjugative Element-Mediated Azithromycin Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant serovar Albany.

We identified an -carrying integrative and conjugative element, ICE_erm42, in 26.4% of multidrug-resistant serovar Albany isolates recovered from human salmonellosis between 2014 and 2019 in Taiwan. ICE_erm42-carrying strains displayed high-level resistance to azithromycin and the element could move into the phylogenetically distant via conjugation.

cgMLST@Taiwan: A web service platform for Vibrio cholerae cgMLST profiling and global strain tracking.

Background: Cholera, a rapidly dehydrating diarrheal disease caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in some regions of the world. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) is a promising approach in generating genetic fingerprints from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data for strain comparison among laboratories.

Methods: We constructed a V.

The first imported case of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infection in Taiwan and the antimicrobial therapy.

The first imported case of XDR typhoid fever in Taiwan contracted with a bacterial strain, which was most closely related to the bla-carrying strains linked to Pakistan. Meropenem, in combination with an antimicrobial with intracellular activity against Salmonella, should be used for the treatment of XDR typhoid fever.

Emergence of Vibrio cholerae O1 Sequence Type 75 in Taiwan.

We investigated the epidemiology of cholera in Taiwan during 2002-2018. Vibrio cholerae sequence type (ST) 75 clone emerged in 2009 and has since become more prevalent than the ST69 clone from a previous pandemic. Closely related ST75 strains have emerged in 4 countries and may now be widespread in Asia.

Transmission and evolution of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 in a single hospital in Taiwan.

Objectives: Epidemic spread of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, mainly mediated by the transmission of a blaOXA-48-carrying plasmid, has threatened global health during the last decade. Since its introduction to Taiwan in 2013, OXA-48 has become the second most common carbapenemase. We described the transmission and evolution of an OXA-producing K.

Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Goldcoast Strains in Taiwan and International Spread of the ST358 Clone.

serovar Goldcoast infection was rare in Taiwan; it was not detected in routine surveillance from 2004 to 2013. This serovar was first identified in 2014, but the frequency of infection remained low until 2017. From 2014 to 2016, all but one isolate was pan-susceptible.

New Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Anatum Clone, Taiwan, 2015-2017.

In 2011, a Salmonella enterica serovar Anatum clone emerged in Taiwan. During 2016-2017, infections increased dramatically, strongly associated with emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant strains with a plasmid carrying 11 resistance genes, including bla. Because these resistant strains infect humans and food animals, control measures are urgently needed.

Genetic Relationships among Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strains from Humans and Animals.

We identified 20 to 22 resistance genes, carried in four incompatibility groups of plasmids, in each of five genetically closely related serovar Typhimurium strains recovered from humans, pigs, and chickens. The genes conferred resistance to aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, extended-spectrum cephalosporins and cefoxitin, and azithromycin. This study demonstrates the transmission of multidrug-resistant strains among humans and food animals and may be the first identification of in azithromycin-resistant strains in Taiwan.

Dissemination of -Carrying Plasmids among Colistin-Resistant Salmonella Strains from Humans and Food-Producing Animals in Taiwan.

We detected the colistin resistance gene in four serovars isolated from humans and animals with diarrhea. The resistance gene was carried on different plasmids. One -carrying conjugative plasmid, a variant of pHNSHP45, was disseminated among isolates recovered from humans, pigs, and chickens.