During the 2022-2023 winter season in South Korea, a novel clade 2.3.4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReverse genetics (RG) systems are extensively utilized to investigate the characteristics of influenza viruses and develop vaccines, predominantly relying on human RNA polymerase I (pol I). However, the efficiency of RG systems for avian-origin influenza viruses may be compromised due to potential species-specific interactions of RNA pol I. In this study, we reported the polymerase activities of the duck RNA pol I promoter in avian cells and the generation of recombinant avian-derived influenza viruses using a novel vector system containing the duck RNA pol I promoter region to enhance the rescue efficiency of the RG system in avian cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFManaging type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) presents significant challenges because of the complexity of replicating the microenvironment of pancreatic islets and ensuring the long-term viability and function of transplanted insulin-producing cells (IPCs). This study developed a functional approach that utilizes 3D bioprinting technology to create pore-enriched and pre-vascularized tissue constructs incorporating a pancreatic tissue-derived decellularized extracellular matrix and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) aimed at enhancing blood glucose regulation in T1DM. We designed a volumetric 3D pancreatic tissue construct that supported the engraftment, survival, and insulin-producing functionality of hiPSC-derived IPCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResearch on islet replacement through the differentiation of functionally matured insulin-producing β-like cells for the treatment of diabetes presents a significant challenge. Neural signals in β cell differentiation significantly impact the pancreatic microenvironment in glucose metabolism, but they are not fully understood. In this study, isoproterenol, a β adrenoreceptor agonist, was introduced into pancreatic progenitor cells, derived from human pluripotent stem cells in vitro, undergoing endocrine differentiation, using 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) differentiation protocols.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: This study evaluated the dentin bonding strength and biomineralization effect of a recently developed premixed calcium aluminate-based endodontic sealer (Dia-Root Bio Sealer) in comparison with existing calcium silicate-based sealers.
Methods: The root canals of 80 mandibular premolars were filled with Dia-Root Bio Sealer, Endoseal MTA, EndoSequence BC Sealer, and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer. Medial and apical specimens were then obtained by sectioning.
Purpose: This study aimed to identify the mediating effects of career motivation and job-esteem and the effect of the nursing work environment on intention to stay among hospital nurses.
Methods: Data were collected from 289 nurses working at an advanced general hospital. The research model design was based on the PROCESS macro proposed by Hayes and analyzed using SPSS 24.
Since 2014, periodic outbreaks of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) caused by clade 2.3.4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of clade 2.3.4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: A minimally invasive procedure for symptomatic pelvic bone metastasis is a feasible option for advanced cancer patients, and bone cement injection plays an essential role. Pulmonary embolism caused by thrombus, fat, or tumor emboli is a major complication related to bone cement injection, and increasing intraosseous pressure is a predisposing factor. This study aimed to quantify the degree of pressure change in the pelvic bone during percutaneous bone cement injection and investigate whether there is a significant decrease in intraosseous pressure when a decompressive route is additionally established.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIsolating a large quantity of high-quality human islets is a prerequisite for diabetes research. Human islets are typically isolated from the pancreases of brain-dead donors, making research difficult due to low availability. Pancreas tissue discarded after surgical resection may be a good alternative source of islet cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a medical condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia. An increase in the incidence of MetS provokes an escalation in health care costs and a downturn in quality of life. However, there is currently no cure for MetS, and the absence of immediate treatment for MetS has prompted the development of novel therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of decellularized bovine pericardial patch loaded with mesenchymal stromal cells enhanced bone-to-tendon healing and improved the biomechanical strength of large-to-massive rotator cuff tears in a small animal model.
Methods: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from rat inguinal fat were isolated, cultured, and loaded onto decellularized bovine pericardium patches. To simulate large-to-massive tears, rats were managed with free cage activity for 6 weeks after tear creation.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious disease in which blood sugar levels rise abnormally because of failed insulin production or decreased insulin sensitivity. Although many studies are being conducted for the treatment or early diagnosis of DM, it is not fully understood how mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) abnormalities appear in patients with DM. Here, we induced iPSCs from fibroblasts, PBMCs, or pancreatic cells of three patients with type 2 DM (T2D) and three patients with non-diabetes counterpart.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh pathogenicity H5N1 avian influenza viruses pose a threat to both animal and human health worldwide. In late 2020, outbreaks of H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses belonging to clade 2.3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Although stem cells might enhance natural enthesis healing in surgical rotator cuff repair, not much attention has been given to the delivery and location of delivering stem cells. The purpose of this study to know where to locate those stem cells during repair.
Methods: Animal model of chronic rotator cuff tear was created in 24 rats.
Although pancreatic islet transplantation is a potentially curative treatment for insulin-dependent diabetes, a shortage of donor sources, low differentiation capacity, and transplantation efficacy are major hurdles to overcome before becoming a standard therapy. Stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells (IPCs) are a potential approach to overcoming these limitations. To improve the differentiation capacity of the IPCs, cell cluster formation is crucial to mimic the 3D structure of the islet.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe past two decades have seen the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infections that are characterized as extremely contagious, with a high fatality rate in chickens, and humans; this has sparked considerable concerns for global health. Generally, the new variant of the HPAI virus crossed into various countries through wild bird migration, and persisted in the local environment through the interactions between wild and farmed birds. Nevertheless, no studies have found informative cases associated with connecting local persistence and long-range dispersal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: This study aimed (1) to confirm the maintenance of the extracellular vesicles (EVs) delivered via injectable collagen at the application site, and (2) to evaluate the effect of EVs derived from the human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and loaded in an injectable collagen gel after rotator cuff repair (RCR).
Methods: Rabbits (n = 20) were assigned to normal (N), repair-only (R), and those administered with injectable collagen after repair (RC), and EV-laden injectable collagen after repair (RCE) groups. The EVs isolated by ultra-centrifugation from the human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells spent medium were mixed with collagen and administered accordingly.
Human infection by avian-origin subtype H10 influenza viruses has raised concerns about the pandemic potential of these microbes. H10 subtype low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) have been isolated from wild birds and poultry worldwide. Here, we isolated 36 H10 LPAIVs from wild bird habitats (a mean annual rate of 3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZoonotic infection with avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of subtype H7, such as H7N9 and H7N4, has raised concerns worldwide. During the winter of 2020-2021, five novel H7 low pathogenic AIVs (LPAIVs) containing different neuraminidase (NA) subtypes, including two H7N3, an H7N8, and two H7N9, were detected in wild bird feces in South Korea. Complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the novel H7Nx AIVs were reassortants containing two gene segments (hemagglutinin (HA) and matrix) that were related to the zoonotic Jiangsu-Cambodian H7 viruses causing zoonotic infection and six gene segments originating from LPAIVs circulating in migratory birds in Eurasia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe first human case of zoonotic A(H7N4) avian influenza virus (AIV) infection was reported in early 2018 in China. Two months after this case, novel A(H7N4) viruses phylogenetically related to the Jiangsu isolate emerged in ducks from live bird markets in Cambodia. During active surveillance in Cambodia, a novel A(H7N6) reassortant of the zoonotic low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) A(H7N4) was detected in domestic ducks at a slaughterhouse.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSince its first appearance in 1996, H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) of the Y439 lineage persisted in Korean live bird markets (LBMs) until the last documented occurrence in 2018. However, in June 2020, the avian influenza surveillance program detected a novel H9N2 AIV belonging to the Y280 lineage, which has zoonotic potential, in a Korean native chicken (KNC) from a LBM. In this study, we infected KNCs and ducks (the 2 major species held at LBMs), as well as SPF chickens, with Y280-lineage H9N2 AIV LBM261/20 and Y439-equivalent LBM294/18 to compare pathogenicity and transmissibility.
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