Radiomic models based on magnetic resonance imaging predict the spatial distribution of CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer.

Infiltration of CD8 T cells and their spatial contexture, represented by immunophenotype, predict the prognosis and therapeutic response in breast cancer. However, a non-surgical method using radiomics to evaluate breast cancer immunophenotype has not been explored. Here, we assessed the CD8 T cell-based immunophenotype in patients with breast cancer undergoing upfront surgery (n = 182).

Shear-wave elastography in thyroid ultrasound: Can be a predictor of extrathyroidal extension and cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma?

This study aimed to investigate whether extrathyroidal extension (ETE) and cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) can be predicted using elasticity parameters of shear-wave elastography (SWE) combined with B-mode ultrasound (US) of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs).We retrospectively reviewed 111 patients who underwent preoperative SWE evaluation among PTC patients from July 1, 2016 to June 20, 2018. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of ETE based on pathology reports.

Malignancy risk of thyroid nodules with nonshadowing echogenic foci.

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the malignancy risk and diagnostic value of various types of nonshadowing echogenic foci (NEF) in the risk stratification of thyroid nodules.

Methods: A total of 1,018 consecutive thyroid nodules (≥1 cm) with final diagnoses were included. The presence of NEF was determined and types of NEF were classified according to the presence of a comet tail artifact (CTA), location, and size through a prospective evaluation.

Diagnostic Performance of a Combination of Shear Wave Elastography and B-Mode Ultrasonography in Differentiating Benign From Malignant Thyroid Nodules.

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare clinicopathologic and radiologic factors between benign and malignant thyroid nodules and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography (SWE) combined with B-mode ultrasonography (US) in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules.

Methods: This retrospective study included 92 consecutive patients with 95 thyroid nodules examined on B-mode US and SWE before US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy or surgical excision. B-mode US findings (composition, echogenicity, margin, shape, and calcification) and SWE elasticity parameters (maximum [Emax], mean, minimum, and nodule-to-normal parenchymal ratio of elasticity) were reviewed and compared between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Comparison of Diagnostic Performance of B-Mode Ultrasonography and Shear Wave Elastography in Cervical Lymph Nodes.

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of B-mode ultrasonography (US) and shear wave elastography (SWE) for differentiating benign from malignant cervical lymph nodes (LNs). This study evaluated 130 cervical LNs in 127 patients. On conventional B-mode US, short-axis and long-axis diameters, long-to-short-axis ratio, cortical morphology, border, and presence of necrosis or calcification were evaluated.

Shear wave elastography for the diagnosis of small (≤2 cm) breast lesions: added value and factors associated with false results.

Objective: We compared the diagnostic performance of B-mode ultrasound, shear wave elastography (SWE), and combined B-mode ultrasound and SWE in small breast lesions (≤ 2 cm), and evaluated the factors associated with false SWE results.

Methods: A total of 428 small breast lesions (≤ 2 cm) of 415 consecutive patients between August 2013 and February 2017 were included. The diagnostic performance of each set was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis.

Ultrasonographic features associated with false-negative and false-positive results of extrathyroidal extensions in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Purpose: To assess the ultrasonographic features affect accuracy of extrathyroid extension (ETE) evaluation on preoperative ultrasonography (US) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).

Methods: Of the total patients who underwent thyroid surgery, 516 patients with a tumor measuring less than 1 cm on preoperative US were enrolled in this study. One blinded head and neck radiologist reviewed the preoperative US images to evaluate the US features of PTMC, and the pathologic reports were reviewed.

Diagnostic performances of shear-wave elastography and B-mode ultrasound to differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions: the emphasis on the cutoff value of qualitative and quantitative parameters.

Purpose: To investigate the most effective cutoff values for shear-wave elastography (SWE) for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of quantitative and qualitative SWE in combination with B-mode ultrasound (US).

Methods: 209 breast lesions from 200 patients were evaluated with B-mode US and SWE. Pathologic results determined by US-guided core needle biopsy or surgical excisions were used as a reference standard.

Differentiation of benign and metastatic axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer: additive value of shear wave elastography to B-mode ultrasound.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the additive value of shear wave elastography (SWE) for differentiating benign and metastatic axillary lymph nodes (LNs) in breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity of B-mode US, SWE, and combined modality were compared for 54 suspicious LNs.

Results: After combining information from SWE, sensitivity was significantly higher for combined modality than for B-mode US alone (94.

Tumor stiffness measured by quantitative and qualitative shear wave elastography of breast cancer.

Objective: To correlate clinicoradiologic and pathological features of breast cancer with quantitative and qualitative shear wave elastographic parameters.

Methods: 82 breast cancers in 75 patients examined by B-mode ultrasound and shear wave elastography (SWE) were included. SWE parameters including quantitative factors [maximum elasticity (E), mean elasticity (E), elasticity ratio (E) and standard deviation (SD)] and qualitative factor (color pattern) were correlated with clinicoradiologic and pathological features using univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses.

Breast lesions diagnosed by ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy: Can shearwave elastography predict histologic upgrade after surgery or vaccuum assisted excision?

Purpose: To compare breast stiffness based on shear-wave elastography (SWE) quantitative parameters with histopathologic results diagnosed by ultrasound (US)-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) to determine their association with upgrade rates after surgical excision or follow-up US as well as clinico-radiologic differences between upgrade and non-upgrade groups.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 225 breast lesions from 225 patients, including 159 benign lesions, 38 high risk lesions and 28 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosed by US-guided CNB. Quantitative SWE parameters of breast lesions were measured before CNB and compared according to histopathologic results (benign, high risk and DCIS) and lesion size (<20 mm and >20 mm).

Applying Data-driven Imaging Biomarker in Mammography for Breast Cancer Screening: Preliminary Study.

We assessed the feasibility of a data-driven imaging biomarker based on weakly supervised learning (DIB; an imaging biomarker derived from large-scale medical image data with deep learning technology) in mammography (DIB-MG). A total of 29,107 digital mammograms from five institutions (4,339 cancer cases and 24,768 normal cases) were included. After matching patients' age, breast density, and equipment, 1,238 and 1,238 cases were chosen as validation and test sets, respectively, and the remainder were used for training.

Comparison and Combination of Strain and Shear Wave Elastography of Breast Masses for Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Lesions by Quantitative Assessment: Preliminary Study.

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic performance of strain and shear wave elastography of breast masses for quantitative assessment in differentiating benign and malignant lesions and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of combined strain and shear wave elastography.

Methods: Between January and February 2016, 37 women with 45 breast masses underwent both strain and shear wave ultrasound (US) elastographic examinations. The American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) final assessment on B-mode US imaging was assessed.

Preoperative Axillary Lymph Node Evaluation in Breast Cancer: Current Issues and Literature Review.

Axillary lymph node (ALN) status is an important prognostic factor for overall breast cancer survival. In current clinical practice, ALN status is evaluated before surgery via multimodal imaging and physical examination. Mammography is typically suboptimal for complete ALN evaluation.

Incidentally Found Postoperative Spindle Cell Nodule of the Breast 6 Months After Ultrasound-Guided Vacuum-Assisted Excision.

Postoperative spindle cell nodule (PSCN) is a very rare pathologic complication that can occur in association with a recent core needle biopsy, surgery, or trauma. Cases of PSCN have been reported in the lower genitourinary tract, endometrium, and thyroid but are rare in the breast. Herein, we report an ultrasound-guided biopsy-proven PSCN after ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted excision in the breast.

Estimation of T2* Relaxation Time of Breast Cancer: Correlation with Clinical, Imaging and Pathological Features.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate the T2* relaxation time in breast cancer, and to evaluate the association between the T2* value with clinical-imaging-pathological features of breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: Between January 2011 and July 2013, 107 consecutive women with 107 breast cancers underwent multi-echo T2*-weighted imaging on a 3T clinical magnetic resonance imaging system. The Student's test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare the T2* values of cancer for different groups, based on the clinical-imaging-pathological features.

Immunohistochemical Subtypes of Breast Cancer: Correlation with Clinicopathological and Radiological Factors.

Background: The relationship between biomarkers and imaging features is important because imaging findings can predict molecular features.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between clinicopathologic and radiologic factors and the immunohistochemical (IHC) profiles associated with breast cancer.

Patients And Methods: From December 2004 to September 2013, 200 patients (mean age, 56 years; range, 29 - 82 years) were diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent surgery at our institution.

Risk Factors for False-Negative and False-Positive Results of Magnetic Resonance Computer-Aided Evaluation in Axillary Lymph Node Staging.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to investigate the false-negative and false-positive results on magnetic resonance (MR) computer-aided evaluation (CAE) in axillary lymph node (ALN) staging and to evaluate the related factors in patients with invasive breast cancer.

Methods: From July 2011 to May 2014, 103 invasive breast cancer patients who underwent preoperative MR-CAE were included. False MR-CAE results in ALN staging were compared in terms of clinicopathologic features, baseline mammography, and breast ultrasonography.

Risk Stratification For Axillary Lymph Node Metastases in Breast Cancer Patients: What Clinicopathological and Radiological Factors of Primary Breast Cancer Can Predict Preoperatively Axillary Lymph Node Metastases?

This study was to investigate clinicopathological features including immunohistochemical subtype and radiological factors of primary breast cancer to predict axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) and preoperative risk stratification.From June 2004 to May 2014, 369 breast cancer patients (mean age, 54.7 years; range, 29-82 years) who underwent surgical axillary node sampling were included.

False-negative results of breast MR computer-aided evaluation in patients with breast cancer: correlation with clinicopathologic and radiologic factors.

Purpose: To investigate clinicopathologic and radiologic factors associated with false-negative results of magnetic resonance computer aided evaluation (MR-CAE) of breast MR imaging (MRI) in breast cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: A total of 135 breast cancer patients who underwent preoperative breast MR-CAE were included. False-negative and true-positive MR-CAE results were compared in terms of clinicopathologic and radiologic features.

Predictive factors for occult contralateral carcinoma in patients with unilateral papillary thyroid microcarcinoma by preoperative ultrasonographic and pathological features.

Background: The surgical extent and indication for treatment in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) remain a controversial issue. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive factor for contralateral occult carcinoma in patients with unilateral PTMC by preoperative ultrasonographic and pathological features.

Methods: Of the total patients who underwent thyroidectomy, 455 patients with PTMC confined to one unilateral lobe as diagnosed using preoperative ultrasonography (US) were enrolled in the study.

Breast sparganosis and incidentally detected subcutaneous and intramuscular sparganosis at several sites: case report and literature review.

Sparganosis is an infestation caused by a tapeworm belonging to the genus Spirometra. We describe a surgically confirmed case of sparganosis in several organs including the breast, both lower extremities, anterior chest wall, inguinal area, and the psoas and gluteus muscles. Mammography, ultrasonography, and MRI imaging findings for our patient were characteristic of sparganosis.

Percutaneous ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted removal versus surgery for breast lesions showing imaging-histology discordance after ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy.

Objective: To evaluate the upgrade rate and delayed false-negative results of percutaneous vacuum-assisted removal (VAR) and surgical excision in women with imaging-histologic discordance during ultrasound (US)-guided automated core needle biopsy (CNB) of the breast and to validate the role of VAR as a rebiopsy method for these discordant lesions.

Materials And Methods: Percutaneous US-guided 14-gauge CNB was performed on 7470 patients between August 2005 and December 2010. Our study population included 161 lesions in 152 patients who underwent subsequent rebiopsy due to imaging-histologic discordance.

Comparison of mammographic density estimation by Volpara software with radiologists' visual assessment: analysis of clinical-radiologic factors affecting discrepancy between them.

Background: Volumetric breast density analysis is useful for quantitative mammographic assessment. However, there are few studies about clinical-radiologic factors contributing to discrepancies in the visual assessment by radiologists.

Purpose: To compare automated volumetric breast density measurement with BI-RADS breast density category by radiologists' visual assessments and to evaluate the clinical-radiologic factors affecting disagreement between two estimations.