SQSTM1/p62 is a prognostic molecular marker and potential therapeutic target for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours.

Background: There have been few studies on the role of autophagy in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs). SQSTM1/p62 (also called Sequestosome 1) is a potential autophagy regulator, and its biological roles and clinical significance in PNETs remain poorly understood.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of SQSTM1/p62 in human PNET specimens and to evaluate its potential value as a therapeutic target by studying its biological function in PNET cell lines.

Mutation and Expression of Gene YY1 in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Its Clinical Significance.

Objective: The clinical significance of the YY1 gene mutation and expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the somatic mutation of YY1 in the different subtypes of PNETs.

Methods: A total of 143 PNETs were assessed by Sanger sequencing to identify the somatic mutation of YY1 gene in various subtypes of PNETs.

Plasma levels of acylated ghrelin in patients with insulinoma and expression of ghrelin and its receptor in insulinomas.

Background: Insulinoma is a subtype of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Many patients with insulinoma are obese due to frequent food intake. Ghrelin is associated with obesity and blood levels of insulin.

Pseudo-hemorrhagic region formation in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is a result of blood vessel dilation followed by endothelial cell detachment.

Aberrant blood vessel formation and hemorrhage may contribute to tumor progression and are potential targets in the treatment of several types of cancer. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are highly vascularized, particularly when they are well-differentiated. However, the process of vascularization and endothelial cell detachment in PNETs is poorly understood.

Prognostic relevance of UCH-L1 and α-internexin in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Prognostic biomarkers for the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are needed. Proteomic study on insulinoma has been rarely reported. We identified the differential expression of proteins between insulinoma and their paired tissues by proteomic analysis, and evaluated the prognostic significance of specific proteins in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors including insulinoma.

Analysis of Fusarium graminearum Species Complex from Wheat-Maize Rotation Regions in Henan (China).

Fusarium head blight (FHB) and maize stalk rot (MSR), caused by members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), are among the most destructive and economically important diseases in the world. Species identity and the trichothecene chemotype of 312 members of the FGSC from diseased wheat spikes and maize stalks in Henan was determined using phylogenetic analyses and a polymerase chain reaction trichothecene chemotype assay. F.

A Clinicopathological Study of Malignant Insulinoma in a Contemporary Series.

Objective: The aim of the study was to address the origin and natural history of malignant insulinoma.

Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of patients diagnosed with insulinoma at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center between 2000 and 2015 was conducted. Hormonal expression in tumor specimens was examined by immunostaining.

Differences and Similarities in the Clinicopathological Features of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors in China and the United States: A Multicenter Study.

The presentation, pathology, and prognosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) in Asian patients have not been studied in large cohorts. We hypothesized that the clinicopathological features of PNETs of Chinese patients might be different from those of US patients. The objectives of this study were to address whether PNETs in Chinese patients exhibit unique clinicopathological features and natural history, and can be graded and staged using the WHO/ENETS criteria.

Chromogranin A is a reliable serum diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors but not for insulinomas.

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a group of rare tumors. Chromogranin A (CgA) was considered as the most practical and useful serum tumor marker in PNET patients. But peripheral blood levels of CgA are not routinely tested in Chinese patients with PNETs.

Ultrasound assessment of the elbow joint in infants and toddlers and its clinical significance.

Background: Ultrasound can be used for the diagnosis of elbow injuries in infants and toddlers. However, ultrasound is highly operator-dependent and accurate ultrasound examinations require a complete understanding of the complex anatomy of the elbow joint.

Purpose: To report the normal ultrasound anatomy of the elbow, particularly of the humeroulnar joint, in infants and toddlers.