A novel zirconium-based metal-organic framework covalently modified by methyl pyridinium bromide for mild and co-catalyst free conversion of CO to cyclic carbonates.

Building metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) covalently modified by onium halides is a promising approach to develop efficient MOF-based heterogeneous catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO to epoxides (CCE) into cyclic carbonates. Herein, we report a novel zirconium-based MOF covalently modified by methyl pyridinium bromide, ZrO(OH)(MPTDC)(N-CH-MPTDC)Br ((Br-)CH3-Pyridinium-MOF-1), where MPTDC denotes 3-methyl-4-pyridin-4-yl-thieno[2,3-] thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate. The structure and composition of this complex were fully characterized with PXRD, NMR, XPS, TEM and so on.

A high-resolution summary of Cambrian to Early Triassic marine invertebrate biodiversity.

One great challenge in understanding the history of life is resolving the influence of environmental change on biodiversity. Simulated annealing and genetic algorithms were used to synthesize data from 11,000 marine fossil species, collected from more than 3000 stratigraphic sections, to generate a new Cambrian to Triassic biodiversity curve with an imputed temporal resolution of 26 ± 14.9 thousand years.

[Schistosomiasis monitoring and its cost in population in Danyang City, 2010-2014].

Objective: To explore the monitoring method of the infection source of schistosomiasis in the population of the schistosomiasis transmission-interrupted area with Oncomelania hupensis snails.

Methods: The changes of schistosomiasis among the population were investigated by using the active and passive monitoring methods in Danyang City from 2010 to 2014, and the cost-effectiveness of the two monitoring methods was evaluated.

Results: Totally 49,277 persons were detected for schistosomiasis by dipstick dye immunoassay (DDIA) from 2010 to 2014 and 608 cases were positive, and the positive rate was 1.