Biochemical insights into proline metabolism and its contribution to the endurant cell wall structure under metal stress.

The cell wall serves as the primary barrier against the entry of heavy metal ions into cells. However, excessive accumulation of heavy metals within plants can lead to alterations in the spatial structure and physical properties of the cell wall, thereby affecting the capacity of plants to capture heavy metals. Proline (Pro) is involved in the synthesis of the cell wall, modulating the stability and integrity of its structure.

Elucidating the intricacies of the HS signaling pathway in gasotransmitters: Highlighting the regulation of plant thiocyanate detoxification pathways.

In recent decades, there has been increasing interest in elucidating the role of sulfur-containing compounds in plant metabolism, particularly emphasizing their function as signaling molecules. Among these, thiocyanate (SCN), a compound imbued with sulfur and nitrogen, has emerged as a significant environmental contaminant frequently detected in irrigation water. This compound is known for its potential to adversely impact plant growth and agricultural yield.

Identification of the Key Genes Involved in Proline-Mediated Modification of Cell Wall Components in Rice Seedlings under Trivalent Chromium Exposure.

Chromium (Cr) toxicity exerts a detrimental effect on various physiological, biochemical, and molecular attributes of plants including the structure and functions of cell walls. On the other hand, the exogenous application of proline (Pro) is a beneficial strategy to overcome Cr toxicity. Therefore, it is a novel strategy to find the key genes associated with cell wall composition in rice under trivalent Cr with/without Pro application.

Gaseous signaling molecule HS as a multitasking signal molecule in ROS metabolism of Oryza sativa under thiocyanate (SCN) pollution.

The induction of disruption in the electronic transport chain by thiocyanate (SCN) leads to an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within rice (Oryza sativa). Hydrogen sulfide (HS) assumes a crucial role as a gaseous signaling molecule, holding significant potential in alleviating SCN-related stress. Nevertheless, there remains a dearth of understanding regarding the intricate interplay between HS and ROS in Oryza sativa amidst SCN pollution.

Proline interacts with Ca-dependent signaling to enhance chromium tolerance in rice by manipulating nitrate reductase and sucrose phosphate synthase.

The entrance of chromium (Cr) into the agricultural system would exert a negative influence on the carbon/nitrogen metabolism (CNM) of plants. In this study, we investigated the role of exogenous proline-mediated Ca-dependent signaling in the regulation of CNM in rice subjected to Cr(VI) stress, with emphasis on the involvement of nitrate reductase (NR) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). Results demonstrated that proline effectively mitigated the growth inhibition of rice imposed by Cr(VI) stress, which is achieved by a reduction in cytoplasmic Ca and Cr content and the activation of the downstream Ca-dependent signaling pathway.

Gastrointestinal disease is an important influencing factor of osteoporosis fracture:a retrospective study in chinese postmenopausal women.

Backgroud: The influencing factors of osteoporosis are complex, the incidence of osteoporosis is higher in middle-aged and elderly women, and osteoporotic fractures (OF) can seriously affect quality of life. Currently, the correlation analysis between gastrointestinal diseases and OF focuses more on diseases such as gastric cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study analyzed the risk factors for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in 1567 postmenopausal women in Fuzhou, China.

Merging the occurrence possibility into gene co-expression network deciphers the importance of exogenous 2-oxoglutarate in improving the growth of rice seedlings under thiocyanate stress.

Thiocyanate (SCN) can find its way into cultivated fields, which might hamper the harmony in carbon and nitrogen metabolism (CNM) of plants, ebbing their quality and productivity. In the current study, we investigated the role of the exogenous application of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) in maintaining homeostasis of CNM in rice seedlings under SCN stress. Results showed that SCN exposure significantly repressed the gene expression and activities of CNM-related enzymes (e.

Regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in rice seedlings against chromium stress through sodium hydrosulfide and sodium nitroprusside.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) and nitric oxide (NO) play a well-organized protective mechanism in coping with oxidative stress induced by toxic metals. However, the comparative effects of HS and NO on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in plants under Cr(III) stress have not been defined. In this study, we mathematically evaluate the importance of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on these two antioxidant systems in rice seedlings under Cr(III) stress.

Proline-mediated modulation on DNA repair pathway in rice seedlings under chromium stress by integrating gene chip and co-expression network analysis.

Chromium (Cr) stress can cause oxidative burst to plants. Application of exogenous proline (Pro) is one of the most effective approaches to improve the tolerance of plants to Cr stress. In this study, we integrated the data of gene chip with co-expression network analysis to identify the key pathways involved in the DNA repair processes in rice seedlings under Cr(VI) stress.

Prevalence of Type IV Pili-Mediated Twitching Motility in Streptococcus sanguinis Strains and Its Impact on Biofilm Formation and Host Adherence.

Type IV pili (Tfp) are known to mediate several biological activities, including surface-dependent twitching motility. Although a gene cluster for Tfp biosynthesis is found in all sequenced Streptococcus sanguinis strains, Tfp-mediated twitching motility is less commonly detected. Upon examining 81 clinical strains, 39 strains generated twitching zones on blood agar plates (BAP), while 27 strains displayed twitching on Todd-Hewitt (TH) agar.

Proline-mediated regulation on jasmonate signals repressed anthocyanin accumulation through the MYB-bHLH-WDR complex in rice under chromium exposure.

Toxic metal-induced overaccumulation of anthocyanin (ATH) in plants can oxidize proteins and break DNA. Herein, the role of exogenous proline (Pro) on the repression of ATH accumulation in rice seedlings during hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] exposure was studied. Results indicated that exogenous Pro-mediated regulation of jasmonate signals activated the MYB-bHLH-WDR complex to repress ATH accumulation in rice tissues under Cr(VI) stress.

Mathematical quantification of interactive complexity of transcription factors involved in proline-mediated regulative strategies in Oryza sativa under chromium stress.

Involvement of transcription factor (TFs) in governing genes at transcription or post transcription level is known to have affirmative impact on plant physiological and morphological development, especially during environmental abuse. Application of exogenous proline (Pro) is one among the effective approaches to strengthen plant resistance against stresses. However, Pro-mediated regulative strategies of TFs in responses to the chromium (Cr) in rice plants through the gene interaction network are still not clear.

Involvement of β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS) and sulfurtransferase (ST) in cyanide (CN) assimilation in rice seedlings.

In spite of available information demonstrating the assimilation of cyanide (CN) by β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS) in plants, involvement of sulfurtransferase (ST) in CN assimilation in rice plants is still undefined. In this study, a microcosmic hydroponic system was used to investigate the involvement of β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS) and sulfurtransferase (ST) in the CN assimilation in rice seedlings under the exposure of potassium cyanide (KCN) in presence or absence of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Our results indicated that the measurable thiocyanate (SCN) was detected in both rice roots and shoots under KCN exposure, and the abundances of ST-related transcripts were up-regulated significantly (p < 0.

Indigenous Proline is a Two-Dimensional Safety-Relief Valve in Balancing Specific Amino Acids in Rice under Hexavalent Chromium Stress.

This study highlights the roles of different N sources (N starvation [-N], nitrate [+NO], and ammonium [+NH]) in specific amino acids involved in rice proline (Pro) metabolism under hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] stress. In treatment with Cr(VI) - N, the content of glutamate (Glu) in shoots was comparable to that of Pro, while the content of Glu in the roots was significantly higher than that of Pro. In case of treatment with Cr(VI) + NO/NH, the content of Glu in both tissues was significantly higher than that of Pro, suggesting that the synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid and glutathione was most likely involved.

The importance of utilizing nitrate (NO) over ammonium (NH) as nitrogen source during detoxification of exogenous thiocyanate (SCN) in Oryza sativa.

Thiocyanate (SCN) is a nitrogen-containing pollutant, which can be involved in the nitrogen (N) cycle and interferes with plant growth. The current study highlights a new insight into the N (nitrate [NO] and ammonium [NH]) utilization ways in rice seedlings under SCN exposure to clarify the interactive effect on uptake and assimilation between these N-containing chemicals. Phenotypically, relative growth rates (RGR) of NO-fed seedlings were significantly higher than NH-fed rice seedlings at the same SCN concentration.

Comparative effects of sodium hydrosulfide and proline on functional repair in rice chloroplast through the D1 protein and thioredoxin system under simulated thiocyanate pollution.

Various environmental contaminants can find their way to enter plant cells and disturb and/or damage the essential components of PSII repair cycle in chloroplast, thereby resulting in dysfunction of chloroplast. In the current research, a microcosm hydroponic experiment was set up to evaluate the comparative effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS)- and proline (Pro)-mediated functional repairing of chloroplast in rice plants under SCN stress. Our results displayed that when exposed to environmental realistic SCN concentrations (24-300 mg L), foist significant (p < 0.

Integration of RT-qPCR analysis and grey situation decision-making model for evaluating the effects of plant growth regulators on the gene expression in rice seedlings under thiocyanate exposure.

Thiocyanate (SCN) present in irrigation water can have negative effects on plant growth and crop yields. Addition of plant growth regulators (PGRs) can alleviate toxic stress to plants. In the current study, we established a grey situation decision-making model (GSDM) to integrate the data of RT-qPCR analysis for screening the optimal addition of PGRs to minimise pollution stress.

Genetic variation and gene expression of anthocyanin synthesis and transport related enzymes in Oryza sativa against thiocyanate.

Plants exposed to environmental contaminants often synthesize anthocyanins (ATHs) as an approach to safeguard themselves from adverse impact. However, the overload of ATHs in plant cells can threaten their growth and development through proteins oxidization and intercalating with DNAs inside cells. In the present study, a microcosm hydroponic experiment was conducted using rice seedlings to investigate the molecular signaling pathways involved in regulating and controlling ATHs synthesis and transport exposed to thiocyanate (SCN).

Fuzzy synthetic evaluation of the impact of plant growth regulators on the root phenotype traits of rice seedlings under thiocyanate stress.

Application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is a novel strategy for allay of the adverse effects caused by biotic/abiotic stresses. However, no studies have vividly executed mathematic evaluation for the assessment of various PGRs on root phenotype traits (RPTs) against pollutants. In the present study, a microcosm hydroponic experiment was conducted to examine responses of RPTs under SCN (0, 24, 96, and 300 mg SCN/L) stress in the presence of PGRs such as jasmonic acid (JA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) in rice plants.

Functional Analysis of the Collagen Binding Proteins of Streptococcus parasanguinis FW213.

is a dominant isolate of dental plaque and an opportunistic pathogen associated with subacute endocarditis. As the expression of collagen binding proteins (CBPs) could promote the establishment of in the host, the functions of three putative CBP-encoding loci, Spaf_0420, Spaf_1570, and Spaf_1573, were analyzed using isogenic mutant strains. It was revealed that FW213 bound effectively to fibronectin and type I collagen, but the strain's affinity for laminin and type IV collagen was quite low.

Jasmonic acid and hydrogen sulfide modulate transcriptional and enzymatic changes of plasma membrane NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and decrease oxidative damage in Oryza sativa L. during thiocyanate exposure.

It is evident that the plasma membrane NADPH oxidases (NOXs) play an important role in the generation of superoxide radicals (O) in plants during defense responses. This study was to clarify activation of NOXs in oxidative damage in Oryza sativa during SCN exposure, particularly in the roles of jasmonic acid (JA) and hydrogen sulfide (HS) on transcriptional and enzymatic changes of NOXs. Results indicated that enzymatic activity of NOXs in both roots and shoots was significantly enhanced during SCN exposure, whereas the application of JA and HS donor (NaHS) significantly repressed NOXs activity in SCN-treated rice seedlings.

Assimilation of exogenous cyanide cross talk in Oryza sativa L. to the key nodes in nitrogen metabolism.

Exogenous cyanide (CN) effects on nitrogen (N) uptake, transport, and assimilation in rice seedlings were investigated at the biochemical and molecular levels. Seedlings were treated with either a 2-d or 4-d supply of potassium cyanide (KCN) in the nutrient solution containing nitrate (NO) or ammonium (NH). Although a KCN-induced increase was recorded in the activity of β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS) in rice tissues of both NH-fed and NO-fed seedlings, the former showed a significantly greater assimilation rate for CN than the latter.

Unraveling genes promoting ROS metabolism in subcellular organelles of Oryza sativa in response to trivalent and hexavalent chromium.

Plants possess a well-organized protective network, wherein antioxidant enzymes play an important part in dealing with oxidative stress induced by over accumulation of ROS in plant cells. In the present study, a microcosm hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate the molecular modification of antioxidant enzymes at subcellular levels in rice seedlings in the presence of either trivalent [Cr(III)] or hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] using rice oligonucleotide microarray analysis. The results indicated that the production of ROS induced by Cr(III, VI) was concentration-dependent, Cr-specific and tissue-specific.