Uncovering hidden prosocial behaviors underlying aggression motivation in mice and young children.

Background: Animals exhibit a wide range of social behaviors, including positive actions that promote social cohesion and negative behaviors associated with asserting dominance. While these behaviors are often viewed as opposites, they can also exist independently or coexist in complex ways, necessitating further investigation into their interrelationships.

Results: To study the interplay between these two types of behaviors, we examined mouse social behaviors using resident-intruder assays and revealed a negative correlation between social aggression and prosocial allogrooming.

Profiles of young children's home environment and association with their development.

This study aimed to identify profiles of young children's early home environment and explore their association with development in motor, inhibitory control, language, and emotional competence skills. The sample included 2,158 children (51.4% male), 35.

Influence of parental play on Taiwanese 3-year-olds' executive function: Through the path of motor skills.

Parenting is known to impact children's executive function (EF) skills. However, nearly all the evidence comes from analyses of mother-child interaction. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care Database in Taiwan, the relations between both mother-child and father-child interaction and 3-year-olds' EF were investigated in 2,164 families.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder and the associated risk of autoimmune skin diseases: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Background: The concurrent incidence of autoimmune comorbidities in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is known. However, the association between OCD and related autoimmune skin diseases (ASDs) has not been well studied.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between OCD and the risk of ASDs.

The Association Between Urinary Tract Infection and Overactive Bladder Treatment.

Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome is defined as urinary urgency, with or without urge incontinence in the absence of an underlying pathological or metabolic cause. Treatment for OAB involves anti-muscarinic agents and beta 3-adrenoceptor agonists. As a previous study showed that treatment may increase the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI), we conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective study to assess UTI risk associated with OAB medication adherence, and different types of OAB medication.

The decisive role of subordination in social hierarchy in weanling mice and young children.

Social hierarchy plays important roles in maintaining social structures. Despite similarity in concept, frameworks of human hierarchy have seldom been investigated in parallel with other animals. Moreover, the importance of subordination in hierarchical formation has been largely underestimated in previous research.

Containing influenza outbreaks with antiviral use in long-term care facilities in Taiwan, 2008-2014.

Backgrounds: Influenza can spread rapidly in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), and residents are usually at higher risk for influenza infections.

Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antiviral interventions on outbreak control.

Methods: Taiwan Centers for Disease Control used a syndromic surveillance system to monitor outbreaks in LTCFs.

Clinical predictors of the leading pathogens in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults with community-onset bacteremia in the emergency department: The importance of transmission routes.

Background/purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics and pathogens of community-onset bacteremia among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults as well as to establish the clinical predictors of the major microorganisms.

Methods: An observational cohort study was conducted retrospectively between January 2007 and December 2012. Demographic characteristics and pathogens determined from chart records were analyzed.

Association of Unfinished Root Canal Treatments with the Risk of Pneumonia Hospitalization.

Introduction: The objective of root canal treatments (RCTs) is to control pulpal diseases and salvage infected teeth by eradicating microorganisms within the root canal system. However, an unfinished RCT can leave a space for bacterial accumulation, which can leak into the oral cavity and then aspirate into the lower respiratory tract and the lungs, causing infection. This study investigated the association of unfinished RCTs with the possible risk of pneumonia hospitalization using a nationwide population-based database.

Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) mediates epilepsy-induced sleep disruption.

Background: Sleep disruptions are common in epilepsy patients. Our previous study demonstrates that homeostatic factors and circadian rhythm may mediate epilepsy-induced sleep disturbances when epilepsy occurs at different zeitgeber hours. The proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1), is a somnogenic cytokine and may also be involved in epileptogenesis; however, few studies emphasize the effect of IL-1 in epilepsy-induced sleep disruption.

Risk of recurrent nontyphoid Salmonella bacteremia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with short-term secondary prophylaxis in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy.

Background/purpose: Nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia causes high mortality and recurrence rates in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. This study aimed to investigate the risk of recurrent NTS bacteremia in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Methods: The medical records of consecutive HIV-infected patients with NTS bacteremia from January 2006 to June 2014 were reviewed.

Exploring the role of multiple chronic conditions in traditional Chinese medicine use and three types of traditional Chinese medicine therapy among adults in Taiwan.

Introduction: Numerous people with chronic conditions like to use traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment, or integrated treatment of TCM and Western medicine (WM). Our study explored the associations between multiple chronic conditions (MCC) and TCM use and the use of specific types of TCM therapy among adults in Taiwan. In addition, we explored the TCM use of adults with seven common types of chronic conditions.

Perisaccadic mislocalization in dyslexia.

Evidence from experiments designed to elicit the phenomenon of perisaccadic mislocalization of briefly presented probe stimuli suggests that mechanisms implicated in the planning of a saccade are also implicated in the means by which spatial constancy is maintained across saccades. We postulated that impairments of visual attention observed in dyslexic readers may arise from impairment of mechanisms that also subserve the maintenance of spatial constancy, leading to visual confusion during reading. To test this hypothesis, we compared the performance of adults with dyslexia with that of non-impaired control participants on a task designed to elicit perisaccadic mislocalization.