Performance of novice intubators in using direct laryngoscope with 3 stylets on a manikin model.

Background: Tracheal intubation is an important clinical skill for medical students and junior residents (novice intubators). They are usually trained to use a direct laryngoscope (DL) with straight-to-cuff styletted tracheal tubes first. Only later are they exposed to the bougie as an airway adjunct and videolaryngoscope (VL) with either a standard blade or a hyperangulated blade.

The roles of personality traits and negative life events on the episodes of depressive symptoms in nonreferred adolescents: a 1-year follow-up study.

Purpose: To evaluate the influences of personality traits and nonsevere life events on depressive episodes in a 1-year follow-up in nonreferred adolescents.

Methods: Participants were 2,773 students aged 12 to 16 years randomly selected from six middle schools in Taiwan who were assessed both at baseline for personality traits and depressive symptoms and at 1 year later for negative life events and depressive symptoms. Two, single, or no episodes of depression were based on whether the scores of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression crossed over the cutoff of 28 at two time points.