Divergent Reactions of α-Diazo 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds with Allylic Carbonates Involving Ketene versus Carbene Intermediates Enabled by Cooperative Rh(II)/Pd(0) Dual Catalysis.

A cooperative Rh(II)/Pd(0) dual-catalysis strategy that enabled divergent reactions of α-diazo 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with allylic carbonates involving ketene versus carbene intermediates is described. The efficient synthesis of α-quaternary allylated β-keto-esters was accomplished by the Rh(II)/Pd(0) dual-catalysis allylic alkylation of α-diazo 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Alternatively, an unprecedented (1+4) annulation of α-diazo 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with 2-(hydroxymethyl)allyl carbonates via Rh(II)/Pd(0) dual catalysis was also successfully developed, affording a wide variety of α-quaternary tetrahydrofurans in good to high yields.

Hyperfibrinolysis Is an Important Cause of Early Hemorrhage in Patients with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia.

BACKGROUND The objective of the current study was to guide the early clinical treatment strategies by assessing the recovery of abnormal coagulation in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients during induction therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed in 112 newly-diagnosed patients with APL during induction treatment. RESULTS The early death (ED) rate in our study was 5.

Low platelet count is potentially the most important contributor to severe bleeding in patients newly diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia.

The objective of the current study was to provide more appropriate therapeutic strategies for reducing severe hemorrhaging by assessing the recovery of abnormal coagulation indexes in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) during induction therapy. Retrospective analyses of 112 patients newly diagnosed with APL were performed during initial treatment. In our study, the early death rate was 5.

[Clonal evolution in leukemia].

The theory of evolution of tumor cell population has been established for nearly 40 years. It was widely accepted for research and clinical anti-tumor treatment. Recently, it was suggested that cancer stem cells are the unit of evolution.

[Membrane-bound cytokine and feedforward regulation].

Feedback and feedforward widely exist in life system, both of them are the basic processes of control system. While the concept of feedback has been widely used in life science, feedforward regulation was systematically studied in neurophysiology, awaiting further evidence and mechanism in molecular biology and cell biology. The authors put forward a hypothesis about the feedforward regulation of membrane bound macrophage colony stimulation factor (mM-CSF) on the basis of their previous work.

[Co-evolutionary analysis on strategy for therapy of spreading cancer].

Evolutionary medicine can give rational explanation for metabolism diseases via ecology and evolutionary theory. Recently, the view of somatic cell macroevolution was used in the study on the genesis and development of tumors, which provided new insight in the research work on tumors. In this article, the well-adopted tumor therapy strategy, "Dancing with Cancer", was analyzed preliminarily from the point of co-evolution game theory, based on the non-classical immunology theory and genome theory.

[Mechanism of leukemia relapse: novel insights on old problem].

Relapse, which puzzled several generations of hematologists, is the bottle-neck of radical treatment for leukemias. The progress of Human Microbiome Project at the beginning of 21st century suggested that human body was a super-organism constituted by the core of human cells and symbiotic microorganisms. The elucidation and characterization of endogenous retrovirus and prion protein suggested the possible effects of co-evolutional microorganisms on human health.

[Leukocyte synapse: structure, function and significance].

Neuronal synapse is the critical structure of neuronal network. Immune system is mainly consisted of invisible network. Recently, evidence showed that leukocyte synapses between immune cells named as immunological synapses (IS), were formed under some functional conditions to form temporal local network.

[Latent infection of human herpes virus in hematopoietic system].

Up to date, eight types of human herpes viruses have been identified, all of which are ubiquitous, and usually establish latent infection in the host after primary infection. Since most of the herpes viruses are maintained in an asymptomatic form, they are often neglected. However, under some circumstances, these herpes viruses can cause fatal or severe diseases.

[Leukemia stem cells and their microenvironment--editorial].

As pioneer of tumor stem cell research, leukemia stem cell research has not only important theoretical significance, but also clinical application potential. The survival and development of stem cells are directly impacted by their microenvironment. The research on leukemia stem cells and their microenvironment are now becoming a hot topic.

[Observation on therapeutic effects of combined acupuncture and medicine therapy and simple medication on renal hypertension of chronic kidney disease].

Objective: To probe into a method for increasing clinical therapeutic effect on renal hypertension of chronic kidney disease.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-two cases were randomly divided into a combined acupuncture and medicine group and a medication group, 76 cases in each group. The combined acupuncture and medicine group were treated with acupuncture balance points "Jiangya" and "Shenbing" as main, combined with small dose of hypotensor, Irbesartan; and the medication group were treated with oral administration of Irbesartan and Fosinopril.

[Cloning and functional analysis of P2X7 receptor from J6-1 leukemia cells].

Objective: To clone the entire coding sequence and analyze the function of P2X7 receptor of J6-1 human leukemia cells.

Methods: The entire coding sequence of P2X7 receptor was amplified by RT-PCR and then inserted into pTARGET plasmid to construct an eukaryotic expressing plasmid followed by DNA sequencing. HEK293 cells stably expressing P2X7 receptor were obtained after transfection and screening, and confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting.

[Apoptosis or necrosis, should which be expected for tumor cells?].

Evidence has indicated that low doses of anti-tumor regimens can induce cell apoptosis in vitro, although different regimens induce apoptosis by different mechanism and pathway. In recent years, new tumor treatment strategy has been mainly focused on inducing tumor cell apoptosis. The present review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of inducing tumor cell apoptosis.

CD 39-associated high ATPase activity contribute to the loss of P 2 X 7-mediated calcium response in LCL cells.

The P 2 X 7 nucleotide receptor is an adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-gated ion channel, which induces cation channel opening imparting significant permeability to Ca(2+), and is widely expressed in cells of hematopoietic origin. Our previous report showed that P 2 X 7-mediated calcium response was absent in three Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive and P 2 X 7 positive cell lines. In this report, we detected the cell surface ATPase activity, which contributes to the hydrolysis of extracellular ATP, and the expression of CD 39, which is the main source of ATPase on hematopoietic cells, in these cell lines.

Effects of various inducers on the expression of P2X7 receptor in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Regulation of P2X7 receptor expression is of interest because activation of this receptor by extracellular ATP triggers a wide variety of cell functions in leukocytes. However, its expression and modulation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and monocytes remain unclear. RT-PCR was used to detect the constitutive level of P2X7 receptor and the levels upon stimulation with bacteria, bacterial product, mitogen and various cytokines in human PBMC and monocytes.

LL-37 enhances adaptive antitumor immune response in a murine model when genetically fused with M-CSFR (J6-1) DNA vaccine.

DNA vaccine against M-CSFR(J6-1) (macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor cloned from the J6-1 leukemic cell line) has shown both protective and therapeutic effects. In this study, to explore the adjuvant effects of LL-37 to M-CSFR(J6-1) DNA vaccines, we constructed genetically fused vaccines encoding M-CSFR(J6-1) and LL-37(pF). After immunizing BALB/c mice, specific humoral and cellular immune responses were detected.

Marked reduction of LL-37/hCAP-18, an antimicrobial peptide, in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

We detected LL-37/hCAP-18 expression in the peripheral blood smears of 50 healthy donors and 143 patients with various hematological diseases. Compared with that in the healthy donors, expression of the protein in the neutrophils was significantly lower in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), especially those with infection, but no significant difference was detected in messenger RNA level. We did not detect increased LL-37/hCAP-18 protein expression in U937 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide or Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain.

Expression of LL-37/hCAP-18 gene in human leukemia cells.

LL-37/hCAP-18 is an important part of host defense. Several diseases in human are characterized by impairment in the function of LL-37/hCAP-18 peptide. We examined the expression of LL-37/hCAP-18 in a panel of hematopoietic cell lines representing multiple cell lineages.

Co-immunization with M-CSFR and mM-CSF DNA vaccines is better than M-CSFR-mM-CSF fusion DNA vaccine.

Background And Objectives: DNA vaccine against macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR) has shown both protective and therapeutic effects. In this study, we explore the possibility of using DNA vaccines against both M-CSFR and membrane-bound macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mM-CSF) to achieve better effects.

Design And Methods: Three plasmids were constructed by inserting either extracellular and transmembrane region of mM-CSF (pM), or extracellular region of M-CSFR (pR), or extracellular region of M-CSFR linked with extracellular and transmembrane regions of mM-CSF by a (Gly Gly Ser)2 flexible linker (pF), into pcDNA3.

Clone and expression of mutant M-CSF and its receptor from human leukemic cell line J6-1.

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) plays important roles in hematopoietic and immunologic systems. Some isoforms or mutations have been demonstrated including membrane-bound and cellular M-CSF, which associated with some leukemia, lymphoma and other solid tumors. We previously reported that the M-CSF-like membrane-associated factor (MAF-J6-1) and its receptor was found from human leukemic cell line J6-1.