Unraveling Differences in the Effects of Ammonium/Amine-Based Additives on the Performance and Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Additive engineering, with its excellent ability to passivate bulk or surface perovskite defects, has become a common strategy to improve the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Among the various additives reported so far, ammonium salts are considered an important branch. It is worth noting that although both ammonium-based additives (R-NH ) and amine-based additives (R-NH) are derivatives of ammonia (NH), the functions of the two can be easily confused due to their structural similarities.

Prediction of a two-dimensional high Curie temperature Weyl nodal line kagome semimetal.

Kagome lattices may have numerous exotic physical properties, such as stable ferromagnetism and topological states. Herein, combining the particle swarm structure search method with first-principles calculations, we identify a two-dimensional (2D) kagome MoSe crystal structure with space group 6/. The results show that 2D kagome MoSe is a 100% spin-polarized topological nodal line semimetal and exhibits excellent ambient stability.

Straight and twisted open nodal-line phonon states in the CaI family of materials.

Based on first-principles calculations and symmetry analysis, we propose that trigonal CaI with the space group 3̄1 possesses straight and twisted open nodal-line phonon states with linear dispersion. The symmetry analysis indicates that joint symmetry and rotational symmetry protect the straight nodal lines along - and - while and mirror symmetry () maintain the twisted nodal lines that traverse - (-) and - (-). The calculated π Berry phase suggests that all the nodal lines are nontrivial and the corresponding drumhead-like surface states are clearly visible in the observation window, which is less than 6 THz, suggesting a significant chance for them to be measured using meV-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering.

Identification of two candidate innate immune genes by transcriptional profiling and RNA interference in mouse mammary gland epithelial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.

Mammary epithelial cells (MECs) play an important role in immune responses and inflammatory diseases such as mastitis, which is mainly attributed to the activation of Toll-like receptors and the release of cytokines. However, the overall change of gene expression and biological pathways of MECs to microbial factors stimulation remains unknown. Here, we analyzed the gene expression profile in mouse MECs treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h.

Identification of candidate flavonoid pathway genes using transcriptome correlation network analysis in ripe strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits.

New modulators of the strawberry flavonoid pathway were identified through correlation network analysis. The transcriptomes of red, ripe fruit from two parental lines and 14 of their progeny were compared, and uncharacterized transcripts matching the expression patterns of known flavonoid-pathway genes were identified. Fifteen transcripts corresponded with putative transcription factors, and several of these were examined experimentally using transient expression in developing fruits.