[Review of stimulation parameters of scalp-electroacupuncture for ischemic stroke].

Scalp-electroacupuncture (scalp-EA) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine characteristic therapy for ischemic stroke and frequently employed in clinical practice, but there is still lack of normative standard of stimulation parameters. After searching the relevant articles, we summed up the stimulation parameters of scalp-EA for ischemic stroke from 5 aspects： 1) stimulating frequency (Low frequency is better when continuous waveform is used, and high frequency is better when dense-sparce waveform or discontinuous waveform employed), 2) waveform (Dense-sparce or discontinuous waves are better than continuous waves), 3) intensity (A tolerable stimulation strength may result in better outcomes), 4) needle retention time (In general, the needle retention time is 30 min, but still needing being determined), treatment course (Some studies showed that once a day EA for 3 continuous days is effective, 7 days, significantly effective, 14 days, further enhanced in the therapeutic effect), and 5) intervention time window (Generally, EA intervention within 6 h was mostly effective, shown by animal study). However, these parameters do not exist independently, and they can influence and interact with each other.

Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of the mycoparasitic genus Piptocephalis.

The Piptocephalidaceae (Zoopagales, Zoopagomycota) contains three genera of mycoparasitic, haustoria-forming fungi: Kuzuhaea, Piptocephalis, and Syncephalis. Although the species in this family are diverse and ubiquitous in soil and dung, they are among the least studied fungi. Co-cultures of Piptocephalis and their hosts are relatively easy to isolate from soil and dung samples across the globe, making them a good model taxon for the order Zoopagales.

Constructing a cellulosic yeast host with an efficient cellulase cocktail.

Cellulose is a renewable feedstock for green industry. It is therefore important to develop a technique to construct a host with a high cellulolytic efficiency to digest cellulose. In this study, we developed a convenient host-engineering technique to adjust the expression levels of heterologous genes in the host by promoter rearrangement and gene copy number adjustment.

Assembling a cellulase cocktail and a cellodextrin transporter into a yeast host for CBP ethanol production.

Background: Many microorganisms possess enzymes that can efficiently degrade lignocellulosic materials, but do not have the capability to produce a large amount of ethanol. Thus, attempts have been made to transform such enzymes into fermentative microbes to serve as hosts for ethanol production. However, an efficient host for a consolidated bioprocess (CBP) remains to be found.