Three-dimensional inter-layer optical signal transmission realized by a monolithically integrated semiconductor-based carrier transport structure.

In this study, we proposed and demonstrated a brand new type of monolithic photonic devices which realizes the three-dimensional (3D) all-optical switching for inter-layer signal transmission. This device is composed of a vertical Si microrod which serves as optical absorption material within a SiN waveguide in one layer and as an index modulation structure within a SiN microdisk resonator lying in the other layer. The ambipolar photo-carrier transport property in the Si microrod was studied by measuring the resonant wavelength shifts under continuous-wave laser pumping.

Minority carrier decay length extraction from scanning photocurrent profiles in two-dimensional carrier transport structures.

Carrier transport was studied both numerically and experimentally using scanning photocurrent microscopy (SPCM) in two-dimensional (2D) transport structures, where the structure size in the third dimension is much smaller than the diffusion length and electrodes cover the whole terminal on both sides. Originally, one would expect that with increasing width in 2D transport structures, scanning photocurrent profiles will gradually deviate from those of the ideal one-dimensional (1D) transport structure. However, the scanning photocurrent simulation results surprisingly showed almost identical profiles from structures with different widths.

Development and validation of a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for simultaneous assay of betamethasone dipropionate, chlorocresol, and for the estimation of betamethasone dipropionate related compounds in a pharmaceutical cream and ointment.

A new stability-indicating reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous assay of betamethasone dipropionate (BD) and chlorocresol and also for the estimation of BD related compounds in a pharmaceutical cream matrix. In addition, this newly developed RP-HPLC method was also demonstrated as suitable for a pharmaceutical ointment product that does not contain chlorocresol. The RP-HPLC method uses a Waters SymmetryShield RP18 analytical column (150 × 4.

Static headspace gas chromatographic method for the determination of low and high boiling residual solvents in Betamethasone valerate.

Currently, there are no analytical methods available in the literature that can simultaneously separate and quantitate residual levels of acetone, methylene chloride, n-butyl ether and dimethylsulfoxide in Betamethasone valerate active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). This paper describes the development and validation of a simple, efficient, accurate and robust static headspace gas chromatography method for the determination of high and low boiling residual solvents, namely acetone, methylene chloride, n-butyl ether and dimethylsulfoxide, in Betamethasone valerate API. This method has been demonstrated to be accurate, linear, precise, reproducible, specific and robust for its intended purpose.

Development and validation of a novel stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for assay of loratadine and determination of its related compounds.

Loratadine is an important active pharmaceutical ingredient used in a wide variety of prescription and over-the-counter products for the treatment and relief of allergy symptoms. A novel stability-indicating gradient ion-pair RP-HPLC method for assay of loratadine and determination of both of its degradation compounds and process impurities has been developed. This method can separate loratadine from its eight structurally related compounds; it can also separate all of the related compounds from each other in less than 20 min.

Development and validation of a stability-indicating HPLC method for simultaneous determination of salicylic acid, betamethasone dipropionate and their related compounds in Diprosalic Lotion.

Diprosalic Lotion is an anti-inflammatory drug product that contains salicylic acid and betamethasone dipropionate as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous determination of salicylic acid, betamethasone dipropionate, and their related compounds in Diprosalic Lotion. A 150 mm x 4.