Sorafenib or anthracycline-based chemotherapy for progressive desmoid tumors.

Background: Desmoid tumors can cause morbidity due to local invasion, potentially being fatal when fast growth compromises vital structures. In this context, a timely treatment response is required. This study aims to compare the activity of sorafenib and anthracycline-containing regimens during the first year of treatment.

ctDNA in the reading room: A guide for radiologists.

Liquid biopsy with sequencing of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a minimally invasive method for sampling body fluids and offers a promising alternative to tissue biopsies that involve greater risks, costs, and time. ctDNA not only identifies actionable targets by revealing unique molecular signatures in cancer, but also may assess treatment response, treatment resistance and progression, and recurrence. Imaging correlates of these applications are already being identified and utilized for various solid tumors.

Automated segmentation of the ciliary muscle in OCT images using fully convolutional networks.

Quantifying shape changes in the ciliary muscle during accommodation is essential in understanding the potential role of the ciliary muscle in presbyopia. The ciliary muscle can be imaged using OCT but quantifying the ciliary muscle shape from these images has been challenging both due to the low contrast of the images at the apex of the ciliary muscle and the tedious work of segmenting the ciliary muscle shape. We present an automatic-segmentation tool for OCT images of the ciliary muscle using fully convolutional networks.

Predictability of pseudophakic refraction using patient-customized paraxial eye models.

Purpose: To determine whether patient-customized paraxial eye models that do not rely on exact ray tracing and do not consider aberrations can accurately predict pseudophakic refraction.

Setting: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida.

Design: Prospective study.

Combined anterior segment OCT and wavefront-based autorefractor using a shared beam.

We have combined an anterior segment (AS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) system and a wavefront-based aberrometer with an approach that senses ocular wavefront aberrations using the OCT beam. Temporal interlacing of the OCT and aberrometer channels allows for OCT images and refractive error measurements to be acquired continuously and in real-time. The system measures refractive error with accuracy and precision comparable to that of clinical autorefractors.

Radiomics on radiography predicts giant cell tumor histologic response to denosumab.

Objective: Denosumab is an established targeted systemic therapy for treatment of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). We sought to determine whether treatment response could be quantified from radiomics analysis of radiographs taken longitudinally during treatment.

Materials And Methods: Pre- and post-treatment radiographs of 10 GCTB tumors from 10 patients demonstrating histologic response after treatment with denosumab were analyzed.

Segmentation of prostate and prostate zones using deep learning : A multi-MRI vendor analysis.

Purpose: Develop a deep-learning-based segmentation algorithm for prostate and its peripheral zone (PZ) that is reliable across multiple MRI vendors.

Methods: This is a retrospective study. The dataset consisted of 550 MRIs (Siemens-330, General Electric[GE]-220).

measurement of the human crystalline lens equivalent refractive index using extended-depth OCT.

The lens equivalent refractive index (RI) is commonly used in calculations of crystalline lens power. However, accurate determination of the equivalent RI is challenging due to the need of multiple measurements with different ocular biometry devices. A custom extended-depth Spectral Domain-OCT system was utilized to provide measurements of corneal and lens surface curvatures and all intraocular distances required for determination of the lens equivalent RI.

Automatic Detection of Prostate Tumor Habitats using Diffusion MRI.

A procedure for identification of optimal Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) thresholds for automatic delineation of prostatic lesions with restricted diffusion at differing risk for cancer was developed. The relationship between the size of the identified Volumes of Interest (VOIs) and Gleason Score (GS) was evaluated. Patients with multiparametric (mp)MRI, acquired prior to radical prostatectomy (RP) (n = 18), mpMRI-ultrasound fused (MRI-US) (n = 21) or template biopsies (n = 139) were analyzed.

System for on- and off-axis volumetric OCT imaging and ray tracing aberrometry of the crystalline lens.

We present a new instrument for measuring shape and wavefront aberrations of the primate crystalline lens, both on- and off-axis, while simulating accommodation with a motorized lens stretching system. The instrument merges spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging and ray tracing aberrometry using an approach that senses wavefront aberrations of the lens with the OCT probing beam. Accuracy and repeatability of aberration measurements were quantified.

Left-Lateralized Contributions of Saccades to Cortical Activity During a One-Back Word Recognition Task.

Saccadic eye movements are an inherent component of natural reading, yet their contribution to information processing at subsequent fixation remains elusive. Here we use anatomically-constrained magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine cortical activity following saccades as healthy human subjects engaged in a one-back word recognition task. This activity was compared with activity following external visual stimulation that mimicked saccades.

Variability of manual ciliary muscle segmentation in optical coherence tomography images.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers new options for imaging the ciliary muscle allowing direct visualization. However, variation in image quality along the length of the muscle prevents accurate delineation and quantification of the muscle. Quantitative analyses of the muscle are accompanied by variability in segmentation between examiners and between sessions for the same examiner.

Delineation of Tumor Habitats based on Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI.

Tumor heterogeneity can be elucidated by mapping subregions of the lesion with differential imaging characteristics, called habitats. Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE-)MRI can depict the tumor microenvironments by identifying areas with variable perfusion and vascular permeability, since individual tumor habitats vary in the rate and magnitude of the contrast uptake and washout. Of particular interest is identifying areas of hypoxia, characterized by inadequate perfusion and hyper-permeable vasculature.

Assessment of eye length changes in accommodation using dynamic extended-depth OCT.

It has been suggested that accommodation induces increases in axial eye length which could contribute to the development of myopia. However, it is debated whether changes in eye length occur during accommodation as the degree of change varies widely across literature. In this study, an extended-depth optical coherence tomography (OCT) system that provides dynamic whole eye biometry was utilized to assess changes in lens thickness (LT) and axial eye length (AEL) in young subjects responding to step disaccommodation stimuli of amplitude 2D, 4D, and 6D.

Quantification of the ciliary muscle and crystalline lens interaction during accommodation with synchronous OCT imaging.

Two SD-OCT systems and a dual channel accommodation target were combined and precisely synchronized to simultaneously image the anterior segment and the ciliary muscle during dynamic accommodation. The imaging system simultaneously generates two synchronized OCT image sequences of the anterior segment and ciliary muscle with an imaging speed of 13 frames per second. The system was used to acquire OCT image sequences of a non-presbyopic and a pre-presbyopic subject accommodating in response to step changes in vergence.

Relationship Between Optic Nerve Protrusion Measured by OCT and MRI and Papilledema Severity.

Purpose: To develop measures of optic nerve protrusion length (NPL) from optical coherence tomography (OCT) and magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) and compare these measures with papilledema severity in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Methods: Optical coherence tomography and MRI scans were obtained from 11 newly diagnosed untreated IIH patients (30 ± 10 years; body mass index [BMI] 36 ± 4 kg/m2). Optic nerve protrusion length was measured for each eye using OCT and MRI independently.

Performance assessment in airway management training for nonanesthesiology trainees: an analysis of 4,282 airway procedures performed at a level-1 trauma center.

Background: Although the use of an anesthesiology "airway" rotation to train the nonanesthesiologist is commonly employed, little data exist on the utility, clinical exposure, and outcomes of these programs.

Methods: A prospectively collected observational dataset of airway procedures completed by trainees in a 4-week, anesthesiology-based, airway rotation at an academic, level-1 trauma center from July 2010 to September 2012 was reviewed. Prospectively defined data points were collected through an online data tool and included patient demographics, location, date, best laryngoscopic view, and attempt details.