Investigating underlying mechanism in spectral narrowing phenomenon induced by microcavity in organic light emitting diodes.

This paper reports our experimental studies on the underlying mechanism responsible for electroluminescence spectral narrowing phenomenon in the cavity-based organic light-emitting diodes. It is found that the microcavity generates an emerging phenomenon: a magneto-photoluminescence signal in Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) polymer under photoexcitation, which is completely absent when microcavity is not used. This provides an evidence that microcavity leads to the formation of spatially extended states, functioning as the intermediate states prior to the formation of Frenkel excitons in organic materials.

Surface-charge accumulation effects on open-circuit voltage in organic solar cells based on photoinduced impedance analysis.

The accumulation of dissociated charge carriers plays an important role in reducing the loss occurring in organic solar cells. We find from light-assisted capacitance measurements that the charge accumulation inevitably occurred at the electrode and photovoltaic layer interface for bulk-heterojunction ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Ca/Al solar cells. Our results indicate, for the first time through impedance measurements, that the charge accumulation exists at the anode side of the device, and more importantly, we successfully identify the type of charge accumulated.

New cationic biodegradable poly(urethane-co-ester): synthesis, structural characterization, modification and gene delivery.

To improve the transfection efficiency of poly(urethane-co-ester) and the cytotoxicity of PEI25k with DNA, we synthesized a new poly(urethane-co-ester), PUE, bearing ester linkages and amino groups in the backbone and urethane linkages in the side-chain, and then prepared a binary mixture, PUE-PEI25k, using a physical blending method. The structure of PUE was confirmed by FT-IR and NMR spectra. Both poly(urethane-co-ester), PUE, and binary mixture PUE-PEI25k, readily self-assembled with plasmid DNA (pCMV-βgal) in a HEPES buffer, were characterized by dynamic light scattering.

A surgical algorithm using open rhinoplasty for correction of traumatic twisted nose.

In this series, the authors present their experience with correction of the traumatic twisted nose in Asians using open rhinoplasty. A standard surgical algorithm was followed to determine treatment strategies for 92 patients with traumatic twisted nose at the Tri-Service General Hospital in Taiwan between 1 August 2001 and 1 June 2004. A retrospective chart review was performed to collect patient data and surgical details.

Features of muscle tension dysphonia before and after correction of unilateral vocal cord paralysis.

Objectives: We performed a retrospective, longitudinal study to compare the prevalence of hyperkinetic laryngeal features before and after successful correction in patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP).

Methods: Eighty-six patients with UVCP who had a successful surgical correction were enrolled. Preoperative and post-operative videolaryngostroboscopy images were analyzed, and the muscle tension patterns (MTPs) were rated according to the Morrison-Rammage classification.

Idiopathic osteomyelitis at the base of the skull.

Osteomyelitis of the skull base is a rare disorder, and even more so when the etiology is noninfectious. Symptoms are noisome and include headache and cranial nerve deficits. Because of the possibility of neoplasia, thorough evaluation, accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment are mandatory.

The characteristic features of muscle tension dysphonia before and after surgery in benign lesions of the vocal fold.

Muscular tension dysphonia (MTD) is often concomitant in patients with underlying glottic insufficiency. It remains unclear, however, whether the characteristic features of MTD appear independently or as a consequence of dysphonia. We report here on a retrospective study of the prevalence of the four prominent characteristic features of MTD, as described by the Morrison-Rammage classification, in patients with benign lesions of the vocal fold.