Pioglitazone alleviates lacrimal gland impairments induced by high-fat diet by suppressing M1 polarization.

A high-fat diet (HFD) contributes to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Previous research confirms that under HFD conditions, the extraorbital lacrimal glands (ELGs) can be impaired, with significant infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages (Mps). However, the relationship between HFD and Mps polarization in the ELGs remains unexplored.