Recent advancement in the spatial immuno-oncology.

Recent advancements in spatial transcriptomics and spatial proteomics enabled the high-throughput profiling of single or multi-cell types and cell states with spatial information. They transformed our understanding of the higher-order architectures and paired cell-cell interactions within a tumor microenvironment (TME). Within less than a decade, this rapidly emerging field has discovered much crucial fundamental knowledge and significantly improved clinical diagnosis in the field of immuno-oncology.

Development of monoclonal antibodies against Mfa1 and their protective capacity in an experimental periodontitis model.

Unlabelled: (), a gram-negative, black-pigmented anaerobe, is a major etiological agent and a leading cause of periodontitis. Fimbriae protein Mfa1 is a key virulence factor of and plays a crucial role in bacterial adhesion, colonization, biofilm formation, and persistent inflammation, making it a promising therapeutic target. However, the role of anti-Mfa1 antibodies and the underlying protective mechanisms remain largely unexplored.

Immune modulation of buffalo peripheral blood mononuclear cells by two asparaginyl endopeptidases from Fasciola gigantica.

Background: Fascioliasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, which poses a serious threat to global public health and livestock farming. Fasciola gigantica secretes and excretes various components to manipulate the immune response, thereby enhancing its invasion, migration, and survival in vivo. However, the roles of specific components in immune modulation, such as asparagine endopeptidase, remain unknown.

Synergistic Nonreciprocity of Linear and Nonlinear Optical Diffraction.

Linear optical diffraction of light is a basic natural phenomenon subject to a long history study and it obeys the well-known reciprocity in transport. In this work we report observation of synergistic nonreciprocal linear and nonlinear diffraction of a Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser beam against a periodic poled lithium niobate (PPLN) thin plate nonlinear grating with a front surface corrugated with a shallow grating of a depth only 67 nm and a smooth back surface. A high peak power pump laser beam shining upon the geometrically asymmetric nonlinear grating from either the front surface and back surface will both cause significant second-order nonlinear (2nd-NL) Raman-Nath diffraction and Cerenkov radiation, in addition to apparent linear optical diffraction and modest third-order nonlinear (3rd-NL) spectral broadening.

The therapeutic effects of Paeoniae Radix Rubra on chronic hepatitis through network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Backgrounds: Chronic hepatitis (CH) refers to liver inflammation lasting at least 6 months caused by various factors, significantly impacting patients' daily lives. Paeoniae Radix Rubra (CS) is a classic blood-activating and stasis-dissolving herb known for its protective effects on the liver. This research seeks to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which CS treat CH, employing network pharmacology and molecular docking.

An improved sample selection framework for learning with noisy labels.

Deep neural networks have powerful memory capabilities, yet they frequently suffer from overfitting to noisy labels, leading to a decline in classification and generalization performance. To address this issue, sample selection methods that filter out potentially clean labels have been proposed. However, there is a significant gap in size between the filtered, possibly clean subset and the unlabeled subset, which becomes particularly pronounced at high-noise rates.

Using isotopic lead and strontium in sediments to trace natural and anthropogenic sources in the Bohai Sea.

The containment history in the coastal zone of the Bohai Sea has not been sufficiently traced because of the difficulty in identifying complex sources of pollutants. This study quantitatively identified various sources of Pb and Sr in two tidal flat sediment cores from Bohai Bay (core BB) and Liaodong Bay (core LB) based on their isotope ratios to trace the natural and anthropogenic disturbance history in the Bohai Sea. The results showed that natural inputs of Pb were the main sources for cores BB and LB; however, core LB was more influenced by anthropogenic inputs.

Sunflower-like self-sustainable plant-wearable sensing probe.

Powering and communicating with wearable devices on bio-interfaces is challenging due to strict weight, size, and resource constraints. This study presents a sunflower-like plant-wearable sensing device that harnesses solar energy, achieving complete energy self-sustainability for long-term monitoring of plant sap flow, a crucial indicator of plant health. It features foldable solar panels along with all essential flexible electronic components, resulting in a compact system that is lightweight enough for small plants.

Successful sequential management of traumatic choledochal leak and stenosis in children using ERCP: a case report and literature review.

Traumatic Choledochal Leak and Stenosis in Children is a relatively rare bile leakage, and there is no report of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP] bile duct stent treatment in 3 years old, which avoids procedure and biliary tract modifications after the failure of conservative treatment of bile leakage, and solves the previous need for procedure in a minimally invasive or even non-invasive way. At the same time, it can be concluded that identifying the signs of conservative treatment failure is important, and ERCP is superior to CT and MR in diagnosing traumatic biliary leak in young children. Traumatic bile leakage common bile duct inflammatory stenosis, brittle tissue, not suitable for expansion, the choice of 5 Fr to 10 Fr plastic stent sequential treatment is an effective regimen.

Plant-derived compounds as potential neuroprotective agents in Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: Current Parkinson's disease (PD) medications treat symptoms; none can slow down or arrest the disease progression. Disease-modifying therapies for PD remain an urgent unmet clinical need. This review was designed to summarize recent findings regarding to the efficacy of phytochemicals in the treatment of PD and their underlying mechanisms.

Nanobiohybrid Extracellular Vesicle Nanoreactor with Improving Metabolical Activity for Biocatalytic Therapy.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hosting enzymatic activities that function as independent metabolic units are attractive natural biocatalytic platforms. However, directly using these metabolically active nanoreactors for effective biocatalytic applications remains challenging, mainly due to their constrained catalytic capabilities. Here, we construct an EV-templated nanobiohybrid system by engineering an EV surface with a photoresponsive zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF).

Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Modeling of Polyurethane Microporous Elastomers.

The present study fabricated samples of polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) with three distinct densities and assessed their mechanical responses using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests. The findings reveal a significant increase in PUE stress with increasing strain rate and density. To further investigate the influence of strain rate sensitivity on PUEs, a strain rate sensitivity coefficient was employed to quantify the impact of strain rate on the mechanical properties of PUEs.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the ivory shell Babylonia areolata.

The ivory shell Babylonia areolata is an economically important marine benthic gastropod known for its rapid growth and high nutritional value. B. areolata is distributed in Southeast Asia and the southeast coastal areas of China.

Exploring the Impact of Physiological C-Terminal Truncation on α-Synuclein Conformations to Unveil Mechanisms Regulating Pathological Aggregation.

Emerging evidence suggests that physiological C-terminal truncation of α-synuclein (αS) plays a critical role in regulating liquid-liquid phase separation and promoting amyloid aggregation, processes implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the molecular mechanisms through which C-terminal truncation influences αS conformation and modulates its aggregation remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of C-terminal truncation on αS conformational dynamics by comparing full-length αS with truncated αS monomers using atomistic discrete molecular dynamics simulations.

Can positive emotional writing improve the emotional health level of international medical students? Evidence from a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Depression and anxiety are common psychological issues among international medical students in universities, which have serious negative impacts on their learning and life. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of positive emotional writing in alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as enhancing subjective well-being among this population.

Method: This study was conducted at an international college of a comprehensive university in central China.

Alterations in the DTI-ALPS index and choroid plexus volume are associated with clinical symptoms in participants with narcolepsy type 1.

Background: Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness accompanied by cataplexy. Sleep disorders have been shown to affect the glymphatic system. This study aimed to evaluate changes in the diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index and choroid plexus (CP) volume in NT1 participants, and to further explore their clinical significance.

Chemical synthesis and application of aryldihydronaphthalene derivatives.

Aryldihydronaphthalenes (ADHNs) and their derivatives are widely found in many types of natural products, bioactive compounds, and functional materials, and are also important synthetic intermediates in organic chemistry, attracting widespread attention from both organic and pharmaceutical chemists. In the past two decades, the chemical synthesis and biological activity of ADHNs and their derivatives have become two hot spots. This review summarizes the synthetic protocols of ADHN derivatives, introduces some representative examples of the reaction mechanism, and focuses on the research progress of ADHNs in natural product chemistry and chemical biology since 2000.

Neuroendoscopic surgery for brainstem hemorrhage: Technical notes and preliminary clinical results.

Background: Brainstem hemorrhage accounts for a relatively small proportion of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages (∼10 %) but tends to occur earlier in life and has poorer prognosis. Numerous studies support the therapeutic potential of minimally invasive hematoma evacuation for intracerebral hemorrhage; however, there have been few assessments of the benefits for brainstem hemorrhage.

Methods: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a minimally invasive approach under neuroendoscopic guidance with pneumatic arm fixation for removing the hematoma in severe brainstem hemorrhage patients.

Neuroscience of cancer: Research progress and emerging of the field.

Cancer cells immediately expand and penetrate adjoining tissues, as opposed to metastasis, that is the spread of cancer cells through the circulatory or lymphatic systems to more distant places via the invasion process. We found that a lack of studies discussed tumor development with the nervous system, by the aspects of cancer-tissue invasion (biological) and chemical modulation of growth that cascades by releasing neural-related factors from the nerve endings via chemical substances known as neurotransmitters. In this review, we aimed to carefully demonstrate and describe the cancer invasion and interaction with the nervous system, as well as reveal the research progress and the emerging neuroscience of cancer.

Abnormal phenotypic defects detection of jujube using explainable machine learning enhanced computer vision.

Jujube is susceptible to biotic and abiotic adversity stresses resulting in abnormal phenotypic defects. Therefore, abnormal phenotype fruits should be removed during postharvest sorting to increase added value. An improved maximum horizontal diameter linear regression (MHD-LR) method for size grading of jujube prior to detection of abnormal phenotypic defects was developed.