Analysis of volatile organic compounds and potential odour compounds in food contact paperboard using headspace two-dimensional GC-QTOF-MS.

The objective was to establish a robust and reliable approach for the characterisation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in food contact paperboard. This was achieved through the utilisation of headspace solid-phase microextraction in tandem with comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography (GC) and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC × GC-QTOF-MS). The experimental parameters were optimised, involving the use of a DVB/C-WR/PDMS fibre at a temperature of 80 °C for a duration of 30 min.

Dual Role of Caspase 8 in Adipocyte Apoptosis and Metabolic Inflammation.

Unlabelled: Caspases are cysteine-aspartic proteases that were initially discovered to play a role in apoptosis. However, caspase 8, in particular, also has additional nonapoptotic roles, such as in inflammation. Adipocyte cell death and inflammation are hypothesized to be initiating pathogenic factors in type 2 diabetes.

[Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Vegetation Restoration in Typical Grasslands of China].

Grasslands, as one of the key ecosystems relevant to the terrestrial ecosystem carbon and water cycles as well as the ecological security in China, are very sensitive to climate change and human activities. However, the relative contributions of climate change and human activities on the vegetation restoration in those regions are still controversial. Using ecosystem net primary production (NPP) as an ecological indicator, this study quantified the relative roles of climate change and human activities on vegetation restoration in Chinese typical grasslands (northern temperate grasslands and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine grasslands) by comparing the trends of actual NPP derived from MODIS and potential NPP estimated by the Thornthwaite Memorial model during 2000-2020.

Reduced expression of APLP2 in spinal GABAergic inhibitory neurons contributed to nerve injury-induced microglial activation and pain sensitization.

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is critical for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The AD patients usually have lower pain sensitivity in addition to cognitive impairments. However, considerably less is known as yet about the role of APP and its two mammalian homologues, amyloid precursor-like protein 1 and 2 (APLP1, APLP2), in spinal processing of nociceptive information.

Cbl-b modulated TrkA ubiquitination and function in the dorsal root ganglion of mice.

Casitas B-lineage lymphoma b (Cbl-b) is one of the E3 ubiquitin ligases that ubiquitinate Tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA), a key nerve growth factor receptor involved in the pathological pain. Here we found that Cbl-b was abundant in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of mice and co-localized with TrkA. Ubiquitination of TrkA by Cbl-b exerted a tonic negative control over the protein level of TrkA.

Macrophage Jak2 deficiency accelerates atherosclerosis through defects in cholesterol efflux.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition in which macrophages play a major role. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is a pivotal molecule in inflammatory and metabolic signaling, and Jak2 activating mutation has recently been implicated with enhancing clonal hematopoiesis and atherosclerosis. To determine the essential in vivo role of macrophage (M)-Jak2 in atherosclerosis, we generate atherosclerosis-prone ApoE-null mice deficient in M-Jak2.

Hepatic Igf1-Deficiency Protects Against Atherosclerosis in Female Mice.

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with distinct sex-specific pathogenic mechanisms that are poorly understood. Aging, a major independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, correlates with a decline in circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). However, the precise effects of Igf1 on atherosclerosis remain unclear.

Metabolic Role of PTEN in Insulin Signaling and Resistance.

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is most prominently known for its function in tumorigenesis. However, a metabolic role of PTEN is emerging as a result of its altered expression in type 2 diabetes (T2D), which results in impaired insulin signaling and promotion of insulin resistance during the pathogenesis of T2D. PTEN functions in regulating insulin signaling across different organs have been identified.

Mapping chromosomal instability induced by small-molecular therapeutics in a yeast model.

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been widely used as a model system for studying the physiological and pharmacological action of small-molecular drugs. Here, a heterozygous diploid S. cerevisiae strain QSS4 was generated to determine whether drugs could induce chromosomal instability by determining the frequency of mitotic recombination.

Artificial Total Disc Replacement Versus Fusion for Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease: An Update Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aim: To conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety between total disc replacement (TDR) and fusion surgery for lumbar degenerative disc disease (LDDD).

Material And Methods: We comprehensively searched meta-analyses comparing TDR with fusion through the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected and collected.

Identification of Cuticular Protein Genes in the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Structural cuticular proteins (CPs) are the primary components of insect cuticle, linings of salivary gland, foregut, hindgut and tracheae, and midgut peritrophic membrane. Variation of CPs in insect cuticle can cause penetration resistance to insecticides. Moreover, depletion of specific CP by RNA interference may be a suitable way for the development of potential pest control traits.

[Effects of Myospalax baileyi disturbance on plant community at alpine meadow in Three Rivers Headwater Region, China.].

Plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) is one of the major rodent species at the alpine meadow in Three Rivers Headwater Region. They eat plant roots, excavate many tunnels and deposit soil on the surface, which result in many exposed mounds to cover the aboveground part of plants. Here, taking plateau zokor mound density in a plot as their disturbance degree, we selected seven plots with different plateau zokor mound densities and one control plot which was not disturbed by plateau zokor to explore the effects of M.

Three-dimensional reconstructions in spine and screw trajectory simulation on 3D digital images: a step by step approach by using Mimics software.

There is a rapidly increasing amount of literature outlining the use of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and printing technologies in recent years. However, precise instructive articles which describe step-by-step methods of reconstructing 3D images from computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remain limited. To address these issues, this article describes a detailed protocol which will allow the reader to easily perform the 3D reconstruction in their future research, to allow investigation of the appropriate surgical anatomy and allow innovative designs of novel screw fixation techniques or pre-operative surgical planning.

[Allelopathic interactions between invasive plant Solidago canadensis and native plant Phragmites australis].

Taking the seeds of invasive plant Solidago canadensis and native plant Phragmites australis from their mono- and co-dominant communities as allelopathic acceptors, this paper analyzed the differences in the seed germination rate and sprout length after treated with five level (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg x mL(-1)) S. canadensis and P.